Recent advances in water cut sensing technology : Chapter 4

Introduction:

Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM) are increasingly being used for both subsea and offshore applications. They are gaining acceptance due to the benefits they bring over test separators, production control and flow assurance to name a few. Multiphase Flow Meters commonly use the measurement of mixture density or electrical permittivity of the produced mixture for estimation of phase fractions [1]. Water cut meter is often part of multiphase flow meters for measurement of water content in the multiphase mixtures. There are standalone water cut meters utilized in the oil and gas production. In this chapter, water cut measurement technologies and methods are discussed and their gaps identified. Microwave based water cut measurement is then described in greater detail along with key academic and industrial research trends.