Deterministic observability calculations for zero-dimensional models of lithium–sulfur batteries

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dc.contributor.authorRodriguez, Veronica M.
dc.contributor.authorShateri, Neda
dc.contributor.authorFotouhi, Abbas
dc.contributor.authorPropp, Karsten
dc.contributor.authorAuger, Daniel J.
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-09T12:39:46Z
dc.date.available2024-04-09T12:39:46Z
dc.date.issued2024-03-29
dc.description.abstractAmong the various energy storage technologies under development, the lithium‑sulfur (Li–S) battery has considerable promise due to its higher theoretical energy density, small environmental footprint, and low projected costs. One of the main challenges posed by Li–S is the need for a battery management system (BMS) that can accommodate the system's complex multi-step redox behaviours; conventional approaches for lithium-ion batteries do not transfer. Most existing approaches rely on equivalent circuit network models, but there is growing interest in ‘zero-dimensional’ electrochemical models which can potentially give insights into the relative polysulfide species concentrations present at any given time. To be useful for state estimation, a model must be ‘observable’: it must be possible to uniquely determine the internal state through observation of the system's behaviour over time. Previous studies have assessed observability using numerical methods, which is an approximation. This study derives an analytic expression for the observability criterion, which allows greater confidence in the results. The analytic observability criterion is then validated against a numerical comparator. A zero-dimensional model from the literature is translated into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) form to define the state variables matrix A, the output matrix C, and subsequently the observability matrix O. These are compared to simulated numerical equivalents. In addition, the sensitivity of the numerical process has been demonstrated. The results have the potential to offer greater confidence in conclusions around observability, which in turn gives greater confidence in the effects of any algorithms based on them.en_UK
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was funded by the European Commission under grant agreement 814471, and the Innovate UK under grant TS/R013780/1.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationRodriguez VM, Shateri N, Fotouhi A, et al., (2024) Deterministic observability calculations for zero-dimensional models of lithium–sulfur batteries. Journal of Energy Storage, Volume 87, May 2024, Article Number 111442en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn2352-1538
dc.identifier.issn2352-152X
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111442
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21158
dc.language.isoen_UKen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectLithium-sulfur batteryen_UK
dc.subjectAnalytical modellingen_UK
dc.subjectNumerical modellingen_UK
dc.subjectObservability matrixen_UK
dc.subjectstate estimationen_UK
dc.titleDeterministic observability calculations for zero-dimensional models of lithium–sulfur batteriesen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-03-20

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