Ultrasound-induced emulsification of subcritical carbon dioxide/water with and without surfactant as a strategy for enhanced mass transport

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dc.contributor.authorCenci, Steven M.
dc.contributor.authorCox, Liam R.
dc.contributor.authorLeeke, Gary A.
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-19T14:27:21Z
dc.date.available2016-10-19T14:27:21Z
dc.date.issued2013-06-03
dc.description.abstractPulsed ultrasound was used to disperse a biphasic mixture of CO2/H2O in a 1 dm3 high-pressure reactor at 30 °C/80 bar. A view cell positioned in-line with the sonic vessel allowed observation of a turbid emulsion which lasted approximately 30 min after ceasing sonication. Within the ultrasound reactor, simultaneous CO2-continuous and H2O-continuous environments were identified. The hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride was employed to show that at similar power intensities, comparable initial rates (1.6 ± 0.3 × 10–3 s–1 at 95 W cm–2) were obtained with those reported for a 87 cm3 reactor (1.8 ± 0.2 × 10–3 s–1 at 105 W cm–2), demonstrating the conservation of the physical effects of ultrasound in high-pressure systems (emulsification induced by the action of acoustic forces near an interface). A comparison of benzoyl chloride hydrolysis rates and benzaldehyde mass transport relative to the non-sonicated, ‘silent’ cases confirmed that the application of ultrasound achieved reaction rates which were over 200 times faster, by reducing the mass transport resistance between CO2 and H2O. The versatility of the system was further demonstrated by ultrasound-induced hydrolysis in the presence of the polysorbate surfactant, Tween, which formed a more uniform CO2/H2O emulsion that significantly increased benzoyl chloride hydrolysis rates. Finally, pulse rate was employed as a means of slowing down the rate of hydrolysis, further illustrating how ultrasound can be used as a valuable tool for controlling reactions in CO2/H2O solvent mixtures.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationSteven M. Cenci, Liam R. Cox, Gary A. Leeke, Ultrasound-induced emulsification of subcritical carbon dioxide/water with and without surfactant as a strategy for enhanced mass transport, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 401-408en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1350-4177
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.05.017.
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10787
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0). You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Information: No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.en_UK
dc.subjectCO2en_UK
dc.subjectAqueous mediaen_UK
dc.subjectSubcriticalen_UK
dc.subjectEmulsionen_UK
dc.subjectMass transporten_UK
dc.subjectHydrolysisen_UK
dc.titleUltrasound-induced emulsification of subcritical carbon dioxide/water with and without surfactant as a strategy for enhanced mass transporten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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