An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation

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dc.contributor.authorFerguson, Charlie
dc.contributor.authorMallory, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorHutchings, Paul
dc.contributor.authorRemington, Claire
dc.contributor.authorLloyd, Erica
dc.contributor.authorKiogora, Domenic
dc.contributor.authorAnciano, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorParker, Alison
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-05T10:26:09Z
dc.date.available2021-10-05T10:26:09Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-17
dc.description.abstractContainer-based sanitation (CBS) is increasingly used to provide safely managed sanitation in low-income urban settlements. However, questions remain around the viability of scaling up the technology, partly because it relies on regular emptying and servicing of containers by a CBS provider. This paper investigates mechanisms by which this process can be achieved efficiently. Three separate collection strategies are evaluated for their routing efficiencies as CBS goes to scale. An open-source route optimisation solver determines the constituent driving and walking distances necessary for each strategy and has been applied in areas of Cape Town, Cap-Haïtien, Lima and Nairobi. The results indicate that with fewer users (e.g. 50) transfer station models offer the shortest driving routes. However, these do require users to carry their containers (e.g. up to 170 m when stations are 100 m apart). As the number of users increases (e.g. to 5,000), visiting individual houses from a neighbourhood depot offers increasingly efficient driving distances. Overall, however, the results suggest that economies in collection distances for scaled CBS will be largely conditional on greater vehicle capacity (rather than any particular provision strategy). This highlights the importance of road access throughout low-income urban settlements in providing a viable CBS service at scale.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationFerguson C, Mallory A, Hutchings P, et al., (2021) An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation. H2Open Journal, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2021, pp. 216-230en_UK
dc.identifier.dataID14495961
dc.identifier.issn2616-6518
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2021.112
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17139
dc.identifier.urihttps://cord.cranfield.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Data_supporting_the_paper_An_evaluation_of_different_provision_strategies_for_scaled-up_container-based_sanitation_/14495961
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherIWA Publishingen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectfaecal sludge managementen_UK
dc.subjectroad networksen_UK
dc.subjectroute optimisationen_UK
dc.subjecturban sanitationen_UK
dc.subjectWASHen_UK
dc.titleAn evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitationen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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