Abstract:
UK (United Kingdom) infrastructure networks are fundamental for maintaining
societal and economic wellbeing. With infrastructure assets predominantly
founded in the soil layer (< 1.5m below ground level) they are subject to a range
of soil-related geohazards. A literature review identified that geohazards
including, clay-related subsidence, sand erosion and soil corrosivity have
exerted significant impacts on UK infrastructure to date; often resulting in both
long-term degradation and ultimately structural failure of particular assets.
Climate change projections suggest that these geohazards, which are
themselves driven by antecedent weather conditions, are likely to increase in
magnitude and frequency for certain areas of the UK through the 21st century.
Despite this, the incorporation of climate data into geohazard models has
seldom been undertaken and never on a national scale for the UK.
Furthermore, geohazard risk assessment in UK infrastructure planning policy is
fragmented and knowledge is often lacking due to the complexity of modelling
chronic hazards in comparison to acute phenomenon such as flooding. With HM
Government's recent announcement of £50 million planned infrastructure
investment and capital projects, the place of climate resilient infrastructure is
increasingly pertinent. The aim of this thesis is therefore to establish whether
soil-related geohazard assessments have a role in ensuring climate-resilient UK
infrastructure.
Soil moisture projections were calculated using probabilistic weather variables
derived from a high-resolution version of the UKCP09 (UK Climate Projections2009) weather generator. These were then incorporated into a geohazard
model to predict Great Britain's (GB) subsidence hazard for the future scenarios
of 2030 (2020-2049) and 2050 (2040-2069) as well as the existing climatic
baseline (1961-1990). Results suggest that GB is likely to be subject to
increased clay-related subsidence in future, particularly in the south east of
England.
This thesis has added to scientific understanding through the creation of a
novel, national-scale assessment of clay subsidence risk, with future
assessments undertaken to 2050. This has been used to help create a soil-
informed maintenance strategy for improving the climate resilience of UK local
roads, based on an extended case study utilising road condition data for the
county of Lincolnshire, UK. Finally, a methodological framework has been
created, providing a range of infrastructure climate adaptation stakeholders with
a method for incorporating geohazard assessments, informed by climate
change projections, into asset management planning and design of new
infrastructure.
This research also highlights how infrastructure networks are becoming
increasingly interconnected, particularly geographically, and therefore even
minor environmental shocks arising from soil-related geohazards can cause
significant cascading failures of multiple infrastructure networks. A local
infrastructure hotspot analysis methodology and case-study is provided.