Abstract:
This research aims to understand which factors influence environmental behaviour in
order to contribute to the existing theory and practice which is focused on individuals'
energy consuming behaviour.
As a first step, this thesis reviews existing up-to-date literature related to individual
household energy consumption. The how and why individual behaviour affects the
energy use are discussed, together with the principles and perspectives which have so
far been considered in order to explain the habitual consuming behaviour. The
research gaps, which are revealed from previous studies in terms of the limitations or
assumptions of the methodology with respect to altering individuals’ energy usage,
give insights for a conceptual framework to define a comprehensive approach which
attempts to contribute to existing theory. The proposed framework suggests that the
individual energy perception gaps are affected by psychological, habitual, structural
and cultural variables in a wider-contextual (i.e. national scale), meso-societal and
micro-individual spectrum. All these factors need to be considered in order for a
variety of combined intervention methods, which are discussed and recommended, to
introduce a more effective shift of the conventional energy consuming behaviour,
advancing insights for successful energy policies.
Furthermore, this thesis presents and discusses the findings of an empirical study
which compares individuals’ environmental predisposition and knowledge with their:
(a) energy behaviour, attitude and habits; and (b) social practices related to the use
and ownership of appliances. This study also attempts to correlate education level and
household income with the above variables. The investigation is based on a survey of
68 employees of an educational institution, corresponding to a medium-sized
enterprise, which was selected as the first phase of research aiming to compare energy
saving behaviour at home and in the workplace. The current study relates only to the
domestic aspects of this work attempting to contribute to existing practice by
presenting a detailed evaluation of pro-environmental behaviour which can be applied
to similar studies while considering different demographics.
In particular, the sample of this study is composed of a relatively highly educated and
professional population. The statistical analysis reveals significant correlations
between environmental value and knowledge and elements of individuals’ energy
attitudes, habits and behaviour. The respondents’ predisposition and attitudes is
further correlated with social practices associated with domestic appliances. No
significant correlations were established to demonstrate that education level may
influence environmental predisposition and knowledge, energy saving attitudes, habits
and behaviours however, given the nature of the population sample, this is not
surprising. An unanticipated outcome from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
was that household income, and to a lesser extent gender, are associated with energy
saving habits and behaviours. On further investigation, household income was found
to be correlated with knowledge of greenhouse gas emissions and the number of
laptops and electric showers owned per household. Conversely, a relationship
between individuals’ energy habits and household consumption practices was not
indicated by significant correlations.