Urbanization and pollution are the major issues of the current time own to the exhaustive consumption of fossil fuels which have a detrimental effect on the nation's economies and air quality due to greenhouse gas (GHG) ...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are natural polyesters synthesized by microbes which consume excess amount of carbon and less amount of nutrients. It is biodegradable in nature, and it synthesized from renewable resources. It ...

Succinic acid (SA) is used as a commodity chemical and as a precursor in chemical industry to produce other derivatives such as 1,4-butaneidol, tetrahydrofuran, fumaric acid, and bio-polyesters. The production of bio-based ...