Abstract:
Organically managed land has increased to 4 % of the total area of agricultural land in
the UK. Changing land management can impact upon the rural environment (soils,
hydrology and biodiversity) and rural community (socio-economics and culture). This
thesis aims to compare the effects of organic farming practices on soil physical,
chemical and hydrological properties in relation to conventional farming systems. The
research combines data from three different scales: field measurements, plot
measurements and catchment modelling.
At the field scale: 16 pairs of farms (organic and conventional between 50 and 3000 m
apart) located in England, over a range of soil textures: clayey, silty, medium and coarse
were investigated. There were also two different land uses (grass and winter wheat).
Data was obtained on soil properties including: shear strength, Atterberg limits, field
capacity, aggregate stability, HOST values, infiltration rates and Soil Organic Carbon
(SOC). The analysis of the data shows that, whilst it is possible to detect the effects of
both soil texture and land use (grassland / arable) on a number of the soil properties;
there is no evidence that organic farming improves soil properties or physical condition
- equally there is no detrimental effect. This is in agreement with the results of a
number of other European studies. There was evidence to show that infiltration rates
are greater on organically managed grassland than conventional grassland; which agrees
with the HOST analysis where fewer fields were degraded under organic management.
Fewer traces of pesticides and herbicides were in the soil water from the organic fields
compared with the conventionally managed fields; none were at a level which would
contribute to agricultural pollution. Cont/D.
