Abstract:
The growing awareness of global warming has resulted in the need for more sustainable
energy production. Facilitating the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy
sources necessitates a thorough examination of the energy sector, starting from the
identification and analysis of the current energy regime, understanding the energy
potentials, and ultimately moving towards the analysis of the preferred clean energy.
The ultimate goal of this research is to propose comprehensive yet feasible strategies
for policy recommendations as well as to facilitate and accelerate the transition from
fossil fuel to renewable energy sources, by incorporating the supply chain management
principle, using Indonesia’s energy sector as the framework. This research is divided
into a series of research starting with PESTLE and stakeholder analysis of the energy
fossil sector in Indonesia and then followed by that of the renewable energy sector.
Following these identifications, these stakeholders are then involved in recounting the
renewable energy sector as well as determining the most suitable renewable energy in
Indonesia, through qualitative approaches. In this research, geothermal energy is
selected as the most suitable renewable energy in Indonesia. Following this, the
research continued to illustrate the complex nature of geothermal development in
Indonesia through model conceptualization by employing the System Dynamics (SD)
modelling technique. The SD model visualized the whole process, elements, and
stakeholders that are incorporated within the geothermal system, including some of the
most important factors that can act as key enablers in geothermal development such as
geothermal investment, infrastructure, upstream data, environmental aspects, incentive,
pricing, permit, and public acceptance. The research is continued by employing the
supply chain principles and combining them with the transition framework, through a
Multi-Level Perspective (MLP). The MLP model showcases the interaction between
three levels, namely the socio-technical landscape, regime, and niche innovations as
well as the transition pathways from fossil fuel to renewable energy. In this study, the
main keys to the transition depend heavily on many aspects such as incentives and
schemes. This research provides novelties that consist of (1) MLP new data, where it is
not just a framework, (2) a new method, where it selects, links, and synthesizes different
methods from PESTLE, Stakeholders analysis, SD, MLP into a toolkit that can be used
a reference model for other transition cases and (3) transferability, where the research
is transferrable to other sustainable transition problems where policy-led development
and implementation have relevance such as the digitalization of hospitals, sustainable
tourism, etc. This research could be beneficial for the stakeholders and it has high
credibility in terms of data source. This research is strongly relevant to international
agreements that can accelerate the energy transition.