Abstract:
The development of low-carbon powertrains, to both reduce our reliance on
fossil fuels and minimise greenhouse gas emissions, has become a key
technological focus for automotive companies. This study investigates,
assesses, and critiques future powertrain solutions to determine which
technologies demonstrate the ability to both satisfy the environmental
requirements while fulfilling the demands of commercial vehicle heavy-duty
drive cycles. The implications of low-carbon technologies on the automotive
industry are also reviewed. The technologies discussed are identified through;
industry research, patent reviews, published low-carbon roadmaps, and
academic literature.
The internal combustion engine is expected to remain the primary heavy-duty
powertrain technology until beyond 2030. Although increased electrification is
anticipated, the demands of heavy-duty drive cycles prohibit the use of the
current electric and hybrid electric powertrain technologies being developed
for light-duty applications. Increasing engine efficiency will remain a key focus
of truck and engine manufacturers as the reduction of fuel consumption and
CO2 emissions becomes a legislative requirement. Waste heat recovery and
parasitic loss reduction technologies are expected to be seen on the majority
of new truck models. The use of alternative fuels in the existing diesel
powertrain offers the fastest route to reducing both GHG and exhaust
emissions. Biofuels which can be blended with mineral diesel and easily
integrated with the current infrastructure are likely to dominate the alternative
fuels market. It is anticipated that over the next 5 to 10 years the choice of
automotive fuels will diversify as countries move to utilise local biomass resource
and increase their own energy security.
Existing technical competencies, strategic assets, and R&D expertise puts
established manufacturers in a good position to maintain their market position
and also gain competitive advantage in emerging markets as they aim to
implement stricter emissions legislation.
