Deep eutectic solvents toward the detection and extraction of neurotransmitters: an emerging paradigm for biomedical applications

Abstract

Neurotransmitters (NTs), the chemical messengers crucial for the proper functioning of the human brain, have some specific concentration within the human physiological system. Any fluctuations in their concentration may cause several neuronal diseases and disorders. Therefore, the requirement for fast and effective diagnosis to regulate and manage human cerebral diseases or conditions is surging swiftly. NTs can be extracted from natural products. The researchers have developed new protocols to improve the sensors’ sensing ability and eco-friendly nature. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained popularity as “green solvents” in sustainable chemistry. DESs provide a greater range of a potential window that helps in the enhanced electrocatalytic performance of the sensor and more inertness which helps in the corrosion protection of electrodes, ultimately giving better sensitivity and durability to the system. In addition, DESs provide facile electrodeposition of different materials on working electrodes, which is a prime prerequisite in electrocatalytic sensors. Here, in this review, the application of DESs as green solvents in detecting and extracting NTs is described in detail for the first time. We cover the available online articles up to December 2022 for the extraction and monitoring of NTs. Finally, we have concluded the topic with future prospects in this field.