Coupled effects of temperature and humidity on fracture toughness of Al–Mg–Si–Mn alloy

The combined effect of temperature and humidity on the fracture toughness of aluminium alloys has not been extensively studied, and little attention has been paid due to its complexity, understanding of its behaviour, and difficulty in predicting the effect of the combined factors. Therefore, the present study aims to address this knowledge gap and improve the understanding of the interdependencies between the coupled effects of temperature and humidity on the fracture toughness of Al–Mg–Si–Mn alloy, which can have practical implications for the selection and design of materials in coastal environments. Fracture toughness experiments were carried out by simulating the coastal environments, such as localised corrosion, temperature, and humidity, using compact tension specimens. The fracture toughness increased with varying temperatures from 20 to 80 °C and decreased with variable humidity levels between 40% and 90%, revealing Al–Mg–Si–Mn alloy is susceptible to corrosive environments. Using a curve-fitting approach that mapped the micrographs to temperature and humidity conditions, an empirical model was developed, which revealed that the interaction between temperature and humidity was complex and followed a nonlinear interaction supported by microstructure images of SEM and collected empirical data.