A review on the pollution assessment of hazardous materials and the resultant biorefinery products in Palm oil mill effluent

Date

2023-04-24

Supervisor/s

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

Elsevier

Department

Type

Article

ISSN

0269-7491

Format

Free to read from

Citation

Meena A, Merrylin J, Banu R, et al., (2023) A review on the pollution assessment of hazardous materials and the resultant biorefinery products in Palm oil mill effluent, Environmental Pollution, Volume 328, July 2023, Article number 121525

Abstract

The voluminous nature of POME is directly associated with environmental hazards and could be turned into biorefinery products. The POME, rich in BOD, COD, and oil and grease, with few hazardous materials such as siloxanes, fatty acid methyl ester, and phenolic compounds may significantly increase the risk of violating the effluent quality standards. Recently, the application of chemical and biological risk assessment that can use electrochemical sensors and microalgae-like species has gained paramount attention towards its remediation. This review describes the existing risk assessment for POME and recommends a novel assessment approach using fish species including invasive ones as suitable for identifying the toxicants. Various physico-chemical and biological treatments such as adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, photo-oxidation, solar-assisted extraction, anaerobic digestion, integrated anaerobic-aerobic, and microalgae cultivation has been investigated. This paper offers an overview of anaerobic technologies, with particular emphasis on advanced bioreactors and their prospects for industrial-level applications. To illustrate, palmitic acid and oleic acid, the precursors of fatty acid methyl ester found in POME pave the way to produce biodiesel with 91.45%. Although there are some challenges in attaining production at an economic scale, this review offers some opportunities that could help in overcoming these challenges.

Description

Software Description

Software Language

Github

Keywords

Siloxanes, Fatty acid methyl ester, Chemical sensors, Biological indicators, Photo-oxidation, Biodiesel

DOI

Rights

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

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