Internet of Things (IoT): The most up-to-date challenges, architectures, emerging trends and potential opportunities

Internet of Things (IoT) is nowadays the most profound buzzword in Information Technology science. IoT is the evolution of Information Technology which aims to build a mutual infrastructure that integrates, connects and telecommunicates every ‘Things’ (Objects) with each other on the face of the earth. This interconnected infrastructure provides humans with fully control of things. Projections and potential estimates about incomings of IoT are spectacular for future directions. IoT encompasses such a wide range of spectrum that its influences are anyone’s guess. Not only the profits of IoT but also the forfeits and fears of IoT are unpredictable for yet. However, with the increase in research, academic studies and technological developments the atmosphere will be clear for IoT. This research paper proposes a novel comprehensive reference source for those who are interested in IoT, ubiquitous sensing, pervasive computing and smart objects. The paper explains IoT emergence and IoT history in detail, current IoT usage areas, the most up-to-date potential opportunities and future IoT directions, overall IoT architecture and well-liked architectures, security and privacy concerns about IoT. The latest ongoing IoT projects are discussed and the latest burning issues are presented. Critical and turning points of IoT are given in tabular. As compared to similar survey papers in the area, to the best of our knowledge contributions of this paper are unique.