Abstract:
This thesis shows how advances in IT allow the development of
Environmental Information System (EIS) applications contributing to the
advancement of environmental science and management. The research presented
elucidates and evaluates the applications for EIS within the environmental and natural
resource sciences with specific reference to soils. In supporting environmental
suitability and risk assessment, the following research objectives were met:
1. Derive and construct new datasets, facilitating the development of EIS applications
2. Using these and other datasets, develop and demonstrate the validity of specific
spatial EIS applications within the context of sustainable soil resource management
3. Evaluate, develop and apply emergent technological principles such as the objectoriented
paradigm to the development of such EIS applications
The research shows that the EIS approach offers environmental researchers
and practitioners powerful tools to facilitate the collection and preparation,
representation, structure and management, manipulation and presentation of
environmental data. Such data can be used to aid disciplinary and interdisciplinary
scientific research, such as risk modelling, data quality control and longitudinal
studies. Through the interaction of multi-disciplinary datasets and models, the EIS
contributes to the development of a holistic, interdisciplinary understanding of
pertinent and contemporary environmental issues.
EIS applications are constrained by the availability and affordability of
technology, as well as by the quality of the data, models and scientific research they
are based upon. With the constantly improving capabilities and cost-performance of
IT there should be a continual review of methodologies to maximise usage of
available technology. A well-developed synergy between environmental science and
IT is important and automatic adoption of the most recently emergent information
technologies is not always to be recommended for EIS development. The choice of
software tools utilised in EIS development must be based upon the requirements for
integration with existing systems, reliability, adherence to industry standards,
expenditure, staff training needs, experimentation and efficiency.
The incorporation of a spatial element within the decision-making process
extends a powerful visual dimension to the traditional approaches used to portray
environmental systems. The research identifies the emergent 'object paradigm' as
significant for EIS development, being effective for describing complex spatial
environmental phenomena. An object-oriented approach facilitates the presentation of
abstracted, packaged scientific information in a directly accessible form.
The EIS offers a powerful strategic tool for supporting decision-making in
environmental management. The EIS applications presented supported Soil Quality
and Protection, Pollution Control and Impact Assessment, Water Resource and
Catchment Management, Soil and Land Management and Environmental Risk
Assessment.