Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge is a typical treatment method used before its disposal or land application as it has been shown to reduce pathogens, stabilise the sewage sludge and reduce sludge volumes, ...

The use of two stage vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for sewage treatment post coarse screening is an established option in France. The need to reduce the energy and maintenance requirements associated with small ...