Insensitive high explosives are increasingly being used to replace more sensitive formulations, however large quantities of environmentally hazardous wastewater are generated from loading, assembling and packing processes. ...

The environmental risks from explosive manufacturing and testing activities are usually evaluated using a qualitative process such as environmental impact prioritisation as recommended by legislation and guidance. However, ...

Energetic materials are often disposed by open-burning or open-detonation as it is a cost-effective and efficient means of destroying explosive material, and often minimizes the need to transport hazardous explosives to ...

Contamination of military ranges by the use of explosives can lead to irreversible environmental damage, specifically to soil and groundwater. The fate and effects of traditional explosive residues are well understood, ...

An Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) method was developed and optimised to extract hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) from a polyurethane matrix. The ASE method development was benchmarked against Soxhlet ...

Insensitive High-Explosive (IHE) typically comprises up to five constituents including 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), which are mixed in various ...

Insensitive high explosive materials (IHE) such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) are increasingly being used in formulations of insensitive munitions alongside 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro1,3,5-triazine ...

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have generated over 137,000 civilian casualties in the past decade, more than any other explosive weapon system in the same period with a far-reaching impact on personal security freedoms ...