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Item Open Access Andrew Claydon PhD(Cranfield University, 2020-11-27 10:15) Gill, Philip; Claydon, Andrew; Gaulter, Sally; Kister, GuillaumeCurrent Polymer Bonded Explosive (PBX) formulation is limited by a compromise - optimised final properties against processability. While explosive content would ideally be maximised and plasticiser content ideally minimised, the formulation would become too viscous to cast and require arduous mixing processes using conventional techniques. However, with Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), formulation does not have to be constrained. Instead of mixing blades, mixing is achieved using an oscillating platform to impart acoustic pressure waves (vibrations) into the mixture. Mixing is orders of magnitude faster than conventionally achievable, and the added ability to mix in the end use casing (mixing ‘in-situ’) also renders casting obsolete in many scenarios. The research aim of the PhD is to assess how machine control and vessel design can be altered to optimise the mixing mechanism and compare material properties of composites mixed ‘in-situ’ and ‘mixed and cast’.Item Open Access Burning of DNAN-based explosive (428 mg) in a Laboratory-Scale open setup using a metal sieve to support the sample(Cranfield University, 2018-07-30 14:07) Galante, Erick; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyBurning of 428 mg of DNAN-based Insensitive high explosive heated from beneath, in an open setup, on a metal sieve placed on metal tray within a laboratory.Item Open Access Decomposition of DNAN-based explosive (296 mg) in a Laboratory-Scale open setup(Cranfield University, 2018-07-30 14:07) Galante, Erick; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyThermo decomposition of 296mg of DNAN-based Insensitive high explosive heated from beneath, in an open setup, on a metal tray within a laboratory.Item Open Access DNAN behaviour during laboratory-scale low confinement test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-19 08:49) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 10mg sample of DNAN was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access Emily Bagguley PhD(Cranfield University, 2018-09-13 09:13) Gill, Philip; Bagguley, Emily; Kister, Guillaume; Moniruzzaman, MonirSolid Composite Propellants for Improved Safety and Mechanical Properties This work looks to optimise and develop novel composite propellant formulations for use in unconventional rocket motor designs, in particular an integrated ramjet rocket motor. The particular design constraints of such a motor require that the booster propellant, required to get the rocket motor up to operational speed, use the same nozzle as the sustainer propellant and as a result must have the same operational requirements such as low pressure (1.5-2 MPa compared to ~10MPa for conventional rocket motors). In simple terms, this work aims to develop an extremely high burn rate propellant which works at extremely low pressures.Item Open Access Glass balls/binder bulk lift and start of mixing(Cranfield University, 2018-07-26 14:12) Gill, PhilipTYPE-II.avi: High speed video of glass balls/binder bulk lift and start of mixing on Resonant Acoustic Mixer.Item Open Access Glass balls/binder highly intense mixing(Cranfield University, 2018-07-26 14:12) Gill, PhilipTYPE-IV.avi: High speed video of glass balls/binder highly intense mixing on Resonant Acoustic Mixer.Item Open Access Glass balls/binder intense mixing(Cranfield University, 2018-07-26 14:12) Gill, PhilipTYPE-III.avi: High speed video of glass balls/binder intense mixing on Resonant Acoustic Mixer.Item Open Access IHE1 behaviour during laboratory-scale explosiveness test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-15 13:50) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 20mg sample of NTO, DNAN and RDX was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access Micro-CT scan of medial clavicle(Cranfield University, 2018-06-14 16:15) McGivern, HannahThe first stage of this inter-disciplinary doctoral research was to scan a sample of sternal clavicles, to assess changes in the structural and mechanical properties with age, using micro-computed tomography. An image sequence was then generated using ImageJ, which shows the changes in the cross-sectional shape and proportion of cortical to trabecular bone throughout the medial third of one clavicle from the sample analysed during this investigation.Item Open Access NTO behaviour during laboratory-scale low confinement test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-15 13:50) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 20mg sample of NTO was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access PBX 110 behaviour during laboratory-scale explosiveness test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-15 13:50) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 20mg sample of PBXN-110 was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access PBX1 behaviour during laboratory-scale low confinement test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-15 13:50) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 20mg sample of PBXN-111 was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access PBX2 behaviour during laboratory-scale low confinement test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-15 13:50) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 20mg sample of PBXN-109 was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access Peter Wilkinson PhD(Cranfield University, 2018-09-13 09:13) Gill, Philip; Wilkinson, PeterProperties of Composite Propellants Containing New Elastomeric Binders Traditionally propellants have been made from materials specifically manufactured for this purpose. This project seeks to find whether commercially available thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) can be used to replace some or all of the existing propellants. Traditionally composite propellants used an inert binder, usually hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), cross linked with an isocyanate and mixed with a powerful oxidiser, normally ammonium perchlorate (AP). It is thought that TPEs may be able to match the excellent mechanical properties and good performance of HTPB propellants, while being much easier to be decommissioned in a more environmentally sound manner. Two TPEs were selected and analysed for suitability as a propellant binder. Inert formulations were created by a new novel process. This involved coating the filler with TPE using a novel slurry coating process involving a Resonant Acoustic Mixer (RAM). The coated mixture was then hot pressed into a slab for mechanical testing.Item Open Access Prima K I Yahya PhD(Cranfield University, 2018-09-13 09:12) Gill, Philip; Yahya, Kharisma; Moniruzzaman, MonirGraphene oxide interaction with nitrate esters for novel propellant formulationItem Open Access RDX behaviour during laboratory-scale low confinement test(Cranfield University, 2018-03-15 13:53) Galante, Erick; Mai, Nathalie; Ladyman, Melissa; Gill, Philip; Temple, TraceyVideo recorded during a laboratory-scaled explosiveness test, in which a 10mg sample of RDX was heated (43ºC/min) within a sealed 10mL headspace vialItem Open Access Rocket Motors and Propellants (RMP) research collaboration with 'The Falcon Project'(Cranfield University, 2020-01-16 13:34) Gill, PhilipIndustrial visit to the 'Falcon project' supporting PhD and MSc learning and research into the field of Explosives and Rocket Propellants.Item Open Access When is CO most dangerous: Safety issues at festivals(Cranfield University, 2018-08-08 10:50) Nyombi, Antony; Wessling, Roland; Williams, MikeThis video describes the preliminary work done to show the production of CO at various temperatures as charcoal burns.Item Open Access Yahaya Mohammed PhD(Cranfield University, 2018-09-13 09:13) Gill, Philip; Mohammed, Yahaya; Mai, NathalieThe Effect of Moisture on High Temperature Ageing of Extruded Double Base Propellant Nitrocellulose (NC) based propellants are commonly used in military munitions and cartridge/propellant actuated devices (CAD/PAD). These propellants are generally classified as nitrate esters and are known for their tendency to chemically degrade over time. This chemical instability has been attributed to the relatively weak O-N bond has been shown to be responsible for this instability responsible for this bond on is the primary reason for this chemical instability. There are two possible reaction pathways for nitrate ester decomposition and these are hydrolysis and thermolysis. Thermolysis involves a thermally induced cleavage of the -O-NO2 bonds or with the release of NOx radicals. Hydrolysis on the other hand, involves the reaction of NOx with water to form acids and hydroxyl radicals. While thermolysis is thought to dominate at higher temperatures, hydrolysis has been described as the dominant mechanism at lower temperatures. The free radicals generated due to hydrolysis or thermolysis are highly reactive and will attack the nitrocellulose polymer, producing more radicals and eventually leading to a highly exothermic autocatalytic reaction. Although chemical stabilizers are added to nitrate ester propellants during manufacture to mop-up the NOx radicals, the stabilizers are eventually consumed. In determination of the stability of propellants, several techniques are used, depending on what mechanism is investigated. In most cases, a combination of techniques is required. In this paper, the influence of moisture on high temperature (80 – 100 °C) ageing of an extruded double base (EDB) propellant was examined using heat flow calorimetry (HFC). Propellant samples were preconditioned at relative humidity values of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 95% relative humidity (RH) before ageing in the HFC. The result showed that a direct correlation between humidity levels and heat flow, and it showed that moisture affects the heat flow values and shape of the HFC curve especially at early conversion and at the onset of autocatalysis. This is significant because it gives an indication that moisture influences the decomposition of NC propellants even at higher temperatures.