Staff publications - Cranfield University at Silsoe
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Browsing Staff publications - Cranfield University at Silsoe by Type "Report"
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Item Open Access Agricultural Futures and Implications for the Environment.(2005-11-01T00:00:00Z) Morris, Joe; Audsley, Eric; Wright, Iain A.; McLeod, Jim; Pearn, Kerry R.; Angus, Andrew; Rickard, SeanIn this context, the overall aim of project is to explore possible long term futures for agriculture in England and Wales in order to inform decision-making on environmental policy and provide a 2 framework for Defra research on sustainable agriculture, climate change and other environmental issues.Item Open Access Design review of the Pounder Rig, following field trials of the prototype(1999-11-01T00:00:00Z) Ball, Peter D.Field trials of the prototype Pounder Rig were undertaken in Mpigi District, Uganda in the second half of 1999. The first phase of these trials gave rise to an initial evaluation of the equipment, which is included here as an Appendix. The trials themselves are fully reported under separate cover (Ball, P and Danert, K (1999) Field Trials of the Prototype Pounder Rig, Uganda, 20 th August – 13 th November, 1999. Report of DFID KAR Project R7126 “Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling”, Cranfield University). This document is a review of the design of the Pounder Rig, and a discussion of pertinent aspects of its use and management, following the completion of the trials. It forms the basis for the move from prototype to productionItem Open Access Field trials of the prototype Pounder Rig, Uganda, 20th August - 13th November 1999.(1999-11-01T00:00:00Z) Ball, Peter D.; Danert, KerstinA prototype low-cost drilling rig was imported to Uganda in August 1999 and handed over to Mpigi District Government. Field trials of this machine were undertaken between 20 th August and 13 th November 1999. This work was enabled through a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding between the Cranfield University/DFID Low Cost well Drilling Project, the Directorate of Water Development (DWD) of the Government of Uganda, and the local Government of Mpigi District. A total of fourteen holes were drilled in a range of geological formations, and six of these were equipped with U3 handpumps installed by the direct install method (screen directly attached below pump cylinder, with rising main doubling as well casing). Of these six, one gave inadequate yield, while the other five were put into use as community water supply wells. The trial of the prototype Pounder Rig offered much opportunity to learn about its capability, the practicalities of well construction by the direct install procedure, and the acceptability of the technology to the Ugandan crew. A full design review followed the field trials, and this is reported under separate cover. A number of practical issues arose during this period, including methods of crew payment, funding of trials, logistics, and conflicts between the requirements of drilling trials and the expectations of rural communities. These were addressed as they arose, but with the benefit of hindsight they could no doubt have been resolved in better ways.Item Open Access Hand Sludging: A Report from North West Bengal.(1999-03-01T00:00:00Z) Ball, Peter D.; Danert, KerstinThe Low Cost Drilling Project (Cranfield University/DFID/Government of Uganda) is developing a modification of the traditional Asian sludging technology for use in Africa. As part of the technology research a visit was made to north India to observe and measure various characteristics of this well drilling technique. The report describes these observations and draws conclusions for the Low Cost Well Drilling Project.Item Open Access Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling.(Cranfield University, 2001) Rwamwanja, R.; Danert, Kerstin; Carter, Richard C.This report contributes to the findings, implications, and future plans of a project, initiated by Cranfield University (Silsoe, UK) entitled “Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling”.Item Open Access Review of the effects of energy crops on hydrology.(2001-02-15T00:00:00Z) Stephens, William; Hess, Tim M.; Knox, Jerry W.1) MAFF has recently launched a scheme to support the expansion of the area of energy crops grown in England in order to meet the nation’s Kyoto targets for the reduction in CO2 emissions. This has highlighted concerns about the possible effects of willow short rotation coppice (SRC) and Miscanthus on the hydrology of catchments in which they are grown. High levels of water use by these crops could result in less surface runoff, decreased aquifer recharge and hence reduced stream flow (Chapter 1Item Open Access Specification and drawings for the pounder rig: a human-powered drill rig for constructing shallow small diameter wells for domestic and agricultural water supply.(2007-07-01T00:00:00Z) Ball, Peter D.; Carter, Richard C.Despite all the efforts to date to improve access to safe domestic water supply and sanitation in less developed countries, still between 1 and 3 billion people lack these essential services. The causes of this situation are complex, and are not to be resolved through technology alone. However, it is widely accepted that two broad sets of conditions (among others) need to be in place in order for the situation to improve – technologies which are affordable and manageable by user communities, and the institutional arrangements by which communities can gain access to such technologies. This document is one contribution from one project in one country (Uganda) within which an attempt is under way to address these issueItem Open Access Study of taxation, registration, legal and regulatory issues affecting small businesses in Uganda & Pounder Rig contractor business: projected cash flow(2000-01-01T00:00:00Z) Kakooza, S. M.; Ball, Peter D.; Danert, KerstinThis document is made up of a number of reports. The first section contains a study of ‘Taxation, Registration, Legal and Regulatory Issues Affecting Small Business in Uganda’, by Kakooza, Ball and DanItem Open Access Survey of Irrigation of Outdoor Crops in 2001 – Engla(2002-10-01T00:00:00Z) Weatherhead, E. K.; Danert, KerstinNational results have been released from the survey of irrigation of outdoor crops in 2001 in England. This survey was carried out by Cranfield University for Defra, and continues a series of similar surveys since 1982 by MAFF.Item Open Access Survey of Irrigation of Outdoor Crops in 2005 - England and Wales(2007-08-01T00:00:00Z) Weatherhead, E. K.; Rivas Casado, MonicaThis report presents and discusses the results of the Survey of Irrigation of Outdoor Crops in 2005 for England and Wales. The data includes areas irrigated and volumes of water used, by crop category, as well as information on irrigation scheduling, application methods, water sources and water resources. The survey was sent to all registered agricultural holdings that irrigated at least 1 hectare, as reported to the 2005 June Agricultural Survey. It is estimated that responses were received for England from 21% of all irrigated holdings, representing 27% of the total irrigated area. For Wales, which contains less than 1% of the total irrigated area, the corresponding figures are lower, at 12% of holdings and 17% of the total irrigated area. In addition, all others who responded to the 2001 survey were surveyed, but are not included in the above figures. Results are presented for England, Wales, the eight Environment Agency regions and 28 CAMS catchments, as far as confidentiality restrictions allow. When analysing results, it is important to consider the weather in each year. In irrigation terms, 2005 was a wet year, depressing the areas irrigated and water used. The irrigated areas and volumes of water applied fell for almost all crop categories compared to 2001, and particularly for main crop potatoes. Nevertheless, potatoes, remained the dominant irrigated crop, followed by vegetables. Water use reduced from all sources, with a slight increase in the proportion from groundwater. The proportion of the area where irrigation is scheduled scientifically rose to 60%. Hose- reel irrigation systems remain the predominant irrigation method, with more fitted with booms. The proportion irrigated by trickle (drip) remained constant at 5%. Just under half of the available water resources were reported used. Only 10% of holdings would have used more water if available, and only an additional 14% would have been used. Over 40% of holdings reported having some storage capacity. If linear trends are assumed over 1982-2005, the growth in total irrigated area and total water use are lower than reported previously for 1982-2001. An alternative explanation is that there was a reduction in irrigation growth rates some time around 2000. This explanation is supported by the trend in actual abstractions for agricultural spray irrigation recorded in the Environment Agency NALD database. A further survey is recommended for 2010.