Cranfield University at Silsoe (1975-2008)
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Browsing Cranfield University at Silsoe (1975-2008) by Type "Book chapter"
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Item Open Access Approaches to allergy detection using aptasensors(Taylor and Francis, 2007) Brys, Emile; Tombelli, Sara; Minunni, Maria E.; Mascini, Marco; Turner, Anthony P. F.1. Immunoglobulins and IgE Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules which are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen (1). They belong to a class of spherical proteins called globulins and are hence known as immunoglobulins (Igs). Their primary function is to mediate the host immune response by binding to antigens.Item Open Access Carrier systems and biosensors for biomedical applications.(2007-10-31T00:00:00Z) Davis, Frank; Higson, Seamus P. J.This chapter addresses both carrier systems and biosensors which are often applied directly to tissues, either as skin patches, implanted or ingested by a variety of routes. It follows that there is a common theme between these applications and many of those discussed elsewhere within this book. Any device, scaffold or implant within the body must usually display extreme biocompatibility if it is not to cause harm to the patient. The techniques of tailoring surfaces to ensure no adverse reactions are a common theme running throughout this work on tissue engineering.Item Open Access Polymers in biosensors.(2007-08-06T00:00:00Z) Davis, Frank; Higson, Seamus P. J.This chapter will be devoted to the incorporation of polymers within biosensors, beginning with a history and descriptions of basic sensor formats - while concentrating on optical and electrochemical sensors. Initially the chapter will discuss the incorporation of polymers as simple coatings for biosensors. These coatings are typically used (i) to improve selectivity (by preventing interferents from reaching the active parts of the sensors) and (ii) to improve the biocompatibility of biosensors. Similar coatings which are used as anchors for biomolecules in various techniques will also be discussed. Following this is a section on polymers which have a more active role. Conducting polymers will be discussed and their structures and use in biosensors will be described. A section follows on redox active polymers and their use to 'wire' biological moieties to electrodes. Finally we will discuss molecularly imprinted polymers and their potential to replace biological molecules as active components within biosensors.Item Open Access Ultra-Sensitive determination of pesticides via cholinesterase-based sensors for environmental analysis.(Elsevier, 2007) Davis, Frank; Law, Karen A.; Chaniotakis, Nikos A.; Fournier, Didier; Gibson, Timothy D.; Millner, Paul A.; Marty, Jean-Louis; Sheehan, Michelle A.; Ogurtsov, Vladimir I.; Johnson, Graham; Griffiths, John; Turner, Anthony P. F.; Higson, Seamus P. J.This review is focussed towards the development of acetylcholinesterase enzymatic based biosensors for the quantification of trace concentrations of highly toxic pesticides via their inhibitory effect on the enzyme. Initial results were obtained using wild-type enzymes which have a broad spectrum of susceptibility to a variety of pesticides. The sensitivity and selectivity of the enzyme activity was improved by development and screening of a wide range of mutant enzymes. Optimal enzymes were then exploited within a range of sensor formats. A range of immobilisation techniques including adsorption based approaches, binding via proteins and entrapment within conducting polymers were all studied. The incorporation of stabilisers and co-factors were utilised to optimise electrode performance and stability - with both planar and microelectrode geometries being developed. Reproducible quantification of pesticides could be obtained at concentrations down to 10-17 M, representing a detection limit hitherto unavailable.