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Item Open Access IMPACT Showcase: Bioaerosols monitoring(Cranfield University, 2017-04-21 11:08) Garcia Alcega, Sonia; Coulon, Frederic; Tyrrel, SeanWhy shall we concern ourselves with bioaerosols in the environment? Poster showcasing work being conducting by Cranfield UniversityItem Open Access Maximizing the value of trade wastes(Cranfield University, 2018-10-22 10:35) Berzal de frutos, OliviaPoster presented at the Cranfield Doctoral Network Annual Event 2018.Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the use of microorganism in the absence of oxygen to degrade organic compounds. AD is commonly used to treat highly concentrated wastes, such as waste sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Similar, trade wastes (TWs), wastewaters generated from industrial or production processes, known to contain high levels of organics as compared to domestic wastewater, are often treated in anaerobic systems. The treatment of sludge in AD has been seen to be enhanced with the addition of TWs. However, as any biological system, the bacteria may be affected by toxic compounds present in the substrate, and TWs are a potential source of compounds affecting anaerobic bacteria with, for instance, ammonia, heavy metals, and fats oils and greases. Therefore, there is a need to understand the possible impact of those compounds in AD of TWs and sludge. This research aims to understand the limitations and benefits of using TWs in anaerobic digesters treating wastewater sludge and in particular the impact TWs may have on biogas production and stability of the reactors. The impacts of using TWs on the AD of sludge were assessed in this project by testing controlled addition of the compounds of interest in batch reactors treating sludge. This data will be compared to the characteristics of TWs to select them for further experiments. The final result will be a decision support tool that could be used for water companies to decide the TWs to be added to the digester.Item Open Access Rapid Monitoring of Bioaerosols from industrial, rural and urban environments(Cranfield University, 2017-04-21 11:08) Garcia Alcega, Sonia; Coulon, Frederic; Tyrrel, Sean•Sampling at constant flow rate and varying sampling time: - does not affect in presence/absence of MVOCs (70% similarity) - There is large difference in abundance (ng.m-3), (20% similarity). • Sampling at different flow rates and varying sampling time affects both peak detection and concentration.Item Open Access The Nanomembrane Toilet: Membranes for water recovery in decentralised sanitation systems(Cranfield University, 2018-10-22 10:34) Kamranvand, FarhadPoster presented at the Cranfield Doctoral Network Annual Event 2018.In this research, the Nanomembrane Toilet is introduced as a single household sanitation system independent of grid produced power. To address paucity of information on super-concentrated wastewater characterisation, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen, and E.Coli bacteria are analysed in the wastewater storage tank. A small-scale combustor is developed (Onabanjo et al., 2016) to operate on the faecal sludge phase, producing low-grade heat that is used to provide the vapour pressure gradient for thermally-driven membrane separation of water from faecally contaminated urine (FCU). Subsequently, a membrane technology is developed that can provide a single-stage treatment process, separating clean water from FCU. In this study, the impact of temperature on water recovery from FCU (urine:faece 56:1) by membranes (PTFE, nominal pore size 0.1 µm) is investigated. Out of 40, 50, and 60 ⁰C operational temperature values, operation at 60 c is shown to enable the process for the removal of organics, inorganics, and pathogens, sufficient to meet the ISO/PC 305 standard for sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems (American National Standards Institute, 2016). Furthermore, influence of faecal concentration in the FCU (at optimised temperature of 60 ⁰C) on the produced water quality is studied. The results show that high faecal concentration leads to high ammonium formation in the feed, hence faster ammonia breakthrough is observed. Lastly, the membrane pore size was optimised for the treatment of FCU at constant faecal concentration and temperature. It is concluded that only 0.1 µm membrane pore size is capable of removing ammonia, COD, and E.Coli to the proposed ISO standard at both 40 and 60 ⁰C. Importantly, this study has demonstrated that through integration of this modularised componentry into the Nanomembrane Toilet, single household sanitation can be delivered, independent of external power sources and infrastructure.