Environment and Agrifood
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Item Open Access Application of Spatial Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) and Machine Learning for Sugar Syrup Adulteration Detection in UK Honey(Cranfield University, 2024-07-31) Anastasiadi, MariaHoney authentication is a complex process which traditionally requires costly and time-consuming analytical techniques not readily available to the producers. The aim of this study was to develop non-invasive sensor methods coupled with multivariate data analysis for de-tecting the type and percentage of exogenous sugar adulteration in UK honeys. For this purpose, we employed through-container Spatial Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) on 17 different types of natural honeys produced in the UK over the course of a season and the same honey samples spiked with rice and sugar beet syrups at levels 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% w/w. The data acquired were used to construct prediction models for 14 types of honey with similar Raman fingerprint using different algorithms, namely PLS-DA, XGBoost and Random Forest with the aim to detect the level of adulteration per type of sugar syrup. The best performing algorithm for classification was Random Forest with only 1% of the pure honeys misclassified as adulterated and < 3.5% of adulterated honey samples misclassified as pure. Random Forest was further employed to create a classification model which successfully classified samples according to the type of adulterant (rice or sugar beet) and the adulteration level. In addition, we collected SORS spectra from 27 samples of heather honey (24 Calluna vulgaris and 3 Erica Cinerea) produced in the UK and cor-responding subsamples spiked with high fructose sugar cane syrup and performed exploratory data analysis with PCA and classification with Random Forest which both showed a clear sepa-ration between pure and adulterated samples at medium (40%) and high (60%) adulteration levels and a 90% success at low adulteration levels (20%). The results of this study demonstrate the potential of SORS in combination with machine learning to be applied for the authentication of honey samples and the detection of exogenous sugars in the form of sugar syrups. A major advantage of the SORS technique is that it is a rapid, non-invasive method deployable in field with potential application at all stages of the supply chain.Item Open Access ArcGIS files for "A Remote Sensing Based Integrated Approach to Quantify the Impact of Fluvial and Pluvial Flooding in an Urban Catchment"(Cranfield University, 2020-07-10 12:39) Muthusamy, ManoranjanThis ArcGIS contains merged DTM and DSM to produce the final terrain to compare fluvial and pluvial flood propoerties at Cockermouth during storm Desmend (2015). For more details please refer the following publication Muthusamy, Manoranjan, Monica Rivas Casado, Gloria Salmoral, Tracy Irvine, and Paul Leinster. 2019. €œA Remote Sensing Based Integrated Approach to Quantify the Impact of Fluvial and Pluvial Flooding in an Urban Catchment. Remote Sensing . doi:10.3390/rs11050577. Note: This folder contains DEM data downloaded from Environment Agency, UK. This metadata record is for Approval for Access product AfA458. Attribution statement: (c) Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2019. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Bacterial distribution in soil microhabitats at different spatial scales(Cranfield University, 2018-08-08 16:11) Otten, Wilfred; Eickhorst, Thilo; Juyal, Archana; Falconer, Ruth; Hapca, Simona; Schmidt, Hannes; C Baveye, PhilippeThe data underpin the results described in the Geoderma paper by Juyal et al (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.031 entitled 'Combination of techniques to quantify the distribution of bacteria in their soil microhabitats at different spatial scales'. The data are represented in an Excel file and show counts of bacteria in individual sections of soil blocks and their corresponding pore geometry as determined by Xray CT at three different spatial scales. The data underpin the summary data described in the paper where a detailed method description is also provided.Item Open Access Carbon Brainprint: quantifying the impact of universities on carbon footprint reduction(Cranfield University, 2019-02-13 11:37) Parsons, David; Chatterton, Julia; Clements-Croome, Derek; Elmualim, Abbas; Darby, Howard; Yearly, Tom; Davies, Gareth; Wilson, Ian; Ishiyama, EdwardUniversities make tremendous intellectual and technical advances that help other organisations and individuals reduce their own carbon footprints. This is the universities€™ carbon brainprint, and measuring this allows universities to quantify the impact of their research, innovation and knowledge transfer activities on cutting global GHG emissions. It provides further endorsement of the value of investing in universities such as Cranfield to address the challenge of global warming. The initial project developed a set of approaches to estimating the carbon brainprint of an activity, such as research, development, consultancy or training. These were applied to six case studies from Cranfield, Cambridge and Reading Universities, which demonstrated the large impact that higher education institutions can have. A summary of the final report is attached, as well as a summary of each of the six case studies: 1. Ceramic coatings for jet engine turbine blades, Cranfield University and Rolls-Royce. Summary pdf attached; read full case study. 2. Novel offshore vertical axis wind turbines, Cranfield University and Energy Technologies Institute. Summary pdf attached; read full case study. 3. Improved delivery vehicle logistics, Cranfield University and Defra. Summary pdf attached; read full case study. 4. Training for landfill gas inspectors, Cranfield University and Environment Agency. Summary pdf attached; read full case study. 5. Intelligent buildings, University of Reading and HEFCE. Summary pdf attached; read full case study. 6. Optimising defouling schedules for oil-refinery preheat trains, University of Cambridge and EPSRC. Summary pdf attached; read full case study. Additional project outputs are: - The final report at http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6805. - The guidance on calculating brainprints at http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8236. - The 2015 paper €˜Carbon brainprint €“ An estimate of the intellectual contribution of research institutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions€™ published in Process Safety and Environmental Protection 96, 74€“81. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.04.008. - The 5min35 summary video of the project at https://youtu.be/9GSjDaWO9dQ. The Carbon Brainprint project was highly commended at the 2011 Green Gown Awards in the research category.Item Open Access Cationic nutrients and the effects of termite mounds on soil - vegetation associations - associated data(Cranfield University, 2022-01-04 09:10) Hallett, Stephen; Baillie, Ian; Kaewfoo, Manop; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh; Davies, Stuart; Marod, Dokrak; Wiwatwittaya, DechaA series of datasets related to studies to determine the cationic nutrients and the effects of termite mounds on soil - vegetation associations in Dry Dipterocarp Forest in northern Thailand.Item Open Access CEiA_07:08:2019.xlsx(Cranfield University, 2020-08-07 08:41) Golicz, Karolina; Hallett, Stephen; Sakrabani, Ruben; Ghosh, JoyData collected during laboratory experiments, which took place at Cranfield University. The dataset provides raw data, which accompanies a scientific paper titled: 'Development of a smartphone-mediated screening tool for determining soil nutrient content analysis in Indonesia'.Item Open Access Continuous Exposure to Ethylene Differentially Affects Senescence in Receptacle and Achene Tissues in Strawberry Fruit(Cranfield University, 2020-02-20 13:41) Tosetti, Roberta; Elmi, Fardusa; Terry, Leon; Cools, Katherine; Pradas, InmaculadaStrawberry shelf life is limited, and little is known about the postharvest regulation of senescence in different fruit tissues. Strawberry is classified as a non-climacteric fruit, yet it is known that ethylene affects strawberry ripening. Here the effects of continuous exogenous ethylene (50 µL L-1) were investigated in cold stored strawberry (5° C). The physiological and biochemical responses of ripe strawberry were evaluated across six days, together with hormonal profiles of the whole fruit and individual tissues (achenes and receptacle). Continuous exposure to ethylene induced as a first response an accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in the receptacle tissue, followed by an increase in CO2 production. Ethylene also elicited sucrose hydrolysis and malic acid catabolism, with the major effect seen after 4 days of ethylene exposure. Additionally, accumulation of phenolics (epicatechin and chlorogenic acid) were also observed in ethylene treated strawberry. Achenes did not exhibit a response to ethylene, yet catabolism of both ABA and auxins increased by two thirds during air storage. In contrast, ethylene induced ABA accumulation in the receptacle tissue without ABA catabolism being affected. This hormonal disequilibrium in response to ethylene between the two tissues was maintained during storage, and therefore might be the precursor for the following biochemical variations reported during storage.Item Open Access Cover crop survey responses(Cranfield University, 2018-11-14 15:50) Storr, Tom; Hannam, Jacqueline; Simmons, RobertAnonymised responses from the cover crop surveyItem Open Access Cover crops for timely nitrogen mineralisation and soil moisture management(Cranfield University, 2019-05-07 11:45) Storr, Tom; Hannam, Jacqueline; Simmons, RobertThis fileset contains the following information from research field trials: 2017 - soil moisture - maize yield 2018 - soil moisture - cover crop above-ground biomass - soil available nitrogen - cover crop tissue analysis (Carbon and nitrogen) - maize yieldItem Open Access Data - Immobilisation of anaerobic digestate supplied nitrogen into soil microbial biomass is dependent on lability of high organic carbon mat(Cranfield University, 2024-03-11 09:09) Van Midden, Christina; Harris, Jim; Shaw, Liz; Sizmur, Tom; Morgan, Hayden; Pawlett, MarkResearch data for a 150 day incubation study to determine the effects of mixing high organic carbon materials into anaerobic digestate on soil microbial immobilisation of digestate supplied nitrogen and on soil microbial communities. This dateset contains raw data on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil available nitrogen (ammonium-N and total oxides of nitrate-nitrite), total soil nitrogen, and PLFA biomarkers.Item Open Access Data and photos supporting: 'Detection of internal defects in onion bulbs by means of single-point and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry'(Cranfield University, 2022-10-13 16:16) Landahl, Sandra; Terry, LeonA zip-file with all raw data collected with the vibrometer. asc-files with the collated vibrometer data as described in the paper. In addition, records of the mass of the onions and images of cut bulbs. The data are organised according to cultivar name as presented in Table 1 of the paper.Item Open Access Data for "Scenario Planning for a Circular Future: Peterborough Context" report(Cranfield University, 2018-05-08 11:42) Trovato, A.; Tierno, A.; Hutchinson, B.; Abu-Bakar, H.; Nkudzi, M.; Singam, V.Video: the motion infographic used as an engagement tool for local businesses within Peterborough (UK) to bridge the gap between interest and action within circular economy. Spreadsheet: break down of data and calculations used for the scenario foresighting.Item Open Access Data for 'The potential for using smartphones as portable soil nutrient analyzers on suburban farms in central East China' paper(Cranfield University, 2019-11-12 16:40) Golicz, Karolina; Sakrabani, Ruben; Hallett, Stephen; Pan, GenxingThe data presented in the spreadsheet underpins 'The potential for using smartphones as portable soil nutrient analyzers on suburban farms in central East China' paper published in Scientific Reports. Each tab corresponds to particular figure and/or table presented in the paper.Item Open Access Data for spread of bacteria in soil(Cranfield University, 2020-04-20 14:34) Otten, Wilfred; Eickhorst, Thilo; Juyal, Archana; C Baveye, PhilippeData set related to the paper 'Influence of soil structure on the spread of Pseudomonas fluorescens in soil at microscale' the objective of the study was to determine the influence of soil pore characteristics on the spread of bacteria in soil. Bacteria were introduced and locally and allowed to spread through soil. Soil was resin impregnated and the location of bacteria was observed in thin sections. X-ray CT was used to determine the physical characteristics of the pore space. The data set contains the raw data published in the accompanying paper. Treatment refers to the bulk density of the soil and 2 thin sections were counted for each sample. at each micro-site in soil pore characteristics are given in the table and the number of bacterial cells found in that section through observation and counting under the microscope. Counts are converted to cell densities. The data relate to the spread of bacteria and further analysis of the data is described in the paperItem Open Access Data for the paper: "Fructans redistribution prior to sprouting in stored onion bulbs is a potential marker for dormancy break"(Cranfield University, 2019-01-07 08:37) christian Ohanenye, Ikenna; del carmen Alamar Gavidia, Maria; Thompson, Andrew; Terry, LeonThe redistribution of fructans in stored onion bulbs as influenced by pre-harvest deficit irrigation and postharvest ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene treatments.Item Open Access Data for the paper: Spatial changes in leaf biochemical profile of two tea cultivars following cold storage under two different vapour pressure deficit (VPD) conditions(Cranfield University, 2018-10-24 10:33) del carmen Alamar Gavidia, Maria; Collings, Emma; Terry, LeonUnderlying data for tea spatial paper which includes: catechin, moisture, respiration, ethylene and colourItem Open Access Data related to Bundling ecosystem services at a high resolution in the UK: Trade-offs and synergies in urban landscapes(Cranfield University, 2021-04-30 09:29) Dariush Karimi, JamesThis dataset comprises ten file figures reported in the paper Bundling ecosystem services at a high resolution in the UK: Trade-offs and synergies in urban landscapes. Fig1a.tif, Fig1b.tif and Fig1c.tif show the study area and land cover classification. Fig1Loc_a.jpg shows the location of the study area. Fig2a.tif, Fig2b.tif and Fig2c.tif show the spatial distribution of each ecosystem service bundle for the towns of Bedford, Luton and Milton Keynes Fig3a.png, Fig3b.png, Fig3c.png and Fig3d.png show the radar charts with the average values of each service in the bundle type. a) Potential soil erosion, b) Urban trees and woodland c) Urban grassland and d) Suburban grassland bundle types The dataset Data_test_pc_st.txt was used to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and in the K-means clustering analysis. It contains the ecosystems services and the principal component values (for PC1 nutrient retention and carbon storage, PC 2 habitat quality and pollinator abundance and PC3 potential soil erosion and water supply).Item Open Access Data related to Using Bayesian Belief Networks to assess the influence of landscape connectivity on ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in urban landscapes in the UK(Cranfield University, 2021-08-09 21:50) Dariush Karimi, JamesThis data comprises ten file figures reported in the paper Using Bayesian Belief Networks to assess the influence of landscape connectivity on ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in urban landscapes in the UK. Fig1a.tif, Fig1b.tif and Fig1c.tif show the study area and land cover classification. Fig1Loc_a.jpg shows the location of the study area. Fig2.png shows the methodological framework to assess the influence of connectivity on ES trade-offs and synergies. Fig3.png shows an example of Bayesian Belief Network model structure for Nutrient retention and Carbon storage trade-offs. All models used a comparable structure. Fig4a.tif, Fig4b.tif and Fig4c.tif show the modelled cumulative current maps for Bedford, Luton and Milton Keynes at 2 m resolution. Fig5.png shows the heat maps that visually depict the conditional probabilities driving each model. The dataset Dataset_PC_maxBA.txt was used for Bayesian modelling to assess whether connectivity affects ES trade-offs and synergies. It contains 116 cases (observations) where each case represents a point observation of counts of bird abundance (within a radius of 200 m), a point observation of bird species richness, data point cumulative current mapped values, data point principal components raster mapped values and patch area metric values found at the same location. The dataset refers to cases (observations) across the combined built-up areas of Bedford, Luton and Milton Keynes. The data point principal component values represent nutrient retention and carbon storage trade-offs(PC 1), habitat quality and pollinator abundance trade-offs (PC 2) and potential soil erosion and water supply synergies(PC 3).Item Open Access Data relating to the Thesis: Organic carbon across the terrestrial-to-aquatic continuum: Assessing source and delivery processes using a combined fingerprinting and carbon loss modelling approach(Cranfield University, 2023-01-06 11:04) Wiltshire, KatyData relating to the Thesis: Organic carbon across the terrestrial-to-aquatic continuum: Assessing source and delivery processes using a combined fingerprinting and carbon loss modelling approach Soil and sediment data from the Loch Davan catchment, Aberdeenshire. Data includes land use specific: n-alkane concentrations n-alkanes compound-specific stable isotopes neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA) concentrations NLFA compound-specific stable isotopes Carbon, N and bulk stable isotopesItem Open Access Data supporting 'Bioengineering remediation of former industrial sites contaminated with chemical mixtures'(Cranfield University, 2023-05-19 09:56) Atai, Emmanuel; Pawlett, Mark; Coulon, FredericResearch data for a 120-day incubation study to determine the effects and influence of rice husk and wheat straw biochar, as well as spent mushroom compost, on the fate and behaviour of hydrocarbons and metals, as well as their influence on soil microbial communities in a genuinely contaminated former gasworks soil. Specifically, the data included are the changes in alkanes and PAH, metals (total and bioavailable distribution and partitioning), PLFA, Respiration, Microtox, and the respective statistics outputs including anova, principal component analysis and correlation (presented as draftsman charts)