School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing (SATM)

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Open Access
2-D generating function of the zernike polynomials and their application for image classification
(IEEE, 2019-12-19) Honarvar Shakibaei Asli, Barmak; Flusser, Jan; Zhao, Yifan
This work proposes a new approach to find the generating function (GF) of the Zernike polynomials in two dimensional form. Combining the methods of GFs and discrete-time systems, we can develop two dimensional digital systems for systematic generation of entire orders of Zernike polynomials. We establish two different formulas for the GF of the radial Zernike polynomials based on both the degree and the azimuthal order of the radial polynomials. In this paper, we use four terms recurrence relation instead of the ordinary three terms recursion to calculate the radial Zernike polynomials and their GFs using unilateral 2D Z-transform. A spatio-temporal implementation scheme is developed for generation of the radial Zernike polynomials. Since Zernike moments (ZMs) are invariant with respect to rotation, translation and scaling, the experimental schemes show the image classification applications by using the proposed algorithm.
Open Access
2D linear friction weld modelling of a Ti-6Al-4V T-joint
(Technological Educational Institute of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, 2015) Lee, Lucie Alexandra; McAndrew, Anthony; Buhr, Clement; Beamish, K. A.; Colegrove, Paul A.
Most examples of linear friction weld process models have focused on joining two identically shaped workpieces. This article reports on the development of a 2D model, using the DEFORM finite element package, to investigate the joining of a rectangular Ti-6Al-4V workpiece to a plate of the same material. The work focuses on how this geometry affects the material flow, thermal fields and interface contaminant removal. The results showed that the material flow and thermal fields were not even across the two workpieces. This resulted in more material expulsion being required to remove the interface contaminants from the weld line when compared to joining two identically shaped workpieces. The model also showed that the flash curves away from the weld due to the rectangular upstand "burrowing" into the base plate.Understanding these critical relationships between the geometry and process outputs is crucial for further industrial implementation of the LFW process.
Open Access
2D spatially-resolved depth-section microfluidic flow velocimetry using dual beam OCT
(MDPI, 2020-03-27) Hallam, Jonathan M.; Rigas, Evangelos; Charrett, Thomas O. H.; Tatam, Ralph P.
A dual beam optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument has been developed for flow measurement that offers advantages over microscope derived imaging techniques. It requires only a single optical access port, allows simultaneous imaging of the microfluidic channel, does not require fluorescent seed particles, and can provide a millimetre-deep depth-section velocity profile (as opposed to horizontal-section). The dual beam instrument performs rapid re-sampling of particle positions, allowing measurement of faster flows. In this paper, we develop the methods and processes necessary to make 2D quantitative measurements of the flow-velocity using dual beam OCT and present exemplar results in a microfluidic chip. A 2D reference measurement of the Poiseuille flow in a microfluidic channel is presented over a spanwise depth range of 700 μm and streamwise length of 1600 μm with a spatial resolution of 10 μm, at velocities up to 50 mm/s. A measurement of a more complex flow field is also demonstrated in a sloped microfluidic section.
Open Access
2D ultrathin carbon nanosheets derived from interconnected Al-MOF as excellent hosts to anchor selenium for Li-Se battery
(Elsevier, 2019-05-29) Jin, Wen-Wu; Li, He-Jun; Zou, Ji-Zhao; Inguva, Saikumar; Zhang, Qi; Zeng, Shao-Zhong; Xu, Guo-Zhong; Zeng, Xie-Rong
Alleviating volume expansion of the electrodes and improving utilization of the active materials have become key problems restricting a successful commercialization of lithium-selenium batteries. In this paper, a 2D ultrathin carbon nanosheets derived from interconnected MOF is designed for the first time. Such carbon nanosheets are composed by parallel stacked 2D sub-units, and this unique hierarchical porous architecture is beneficial for buffering the volume expansion and for improving the utilization rate of the active materials. Therefore, the cathode displays an excellent cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 347.3 mAh g−1 at 2 C after 240 cycles.
Open Access
2D3C measurement of velocity, pressure and temperature fields in a intake flow of an air turbine by Filtered Rayleigh Sattering (FRS) and validation with LDV and PIV
(International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, 2024-07-08) Dues, Michael; Dues, Fritz; Melnikov, Sergey; Steinbock, Jonas Johannes; Doll, Ulrich; Röhle, Ingo; Migliorini, Matteo; Zachos, Pavlos
A Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Technique is implemented in two different experimental setups and compared to the established velocity measurement techniques Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The Frequency Scanning Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Method employed uses an imagefiber bundle which allows for the simultaneous observation of the flow situation from six independent perspectives, utilizing only one sCMOS camera. A testrig with a nominal diameter of 80 mm was implemented by ILA R&D GmbH. Here measurements with straight pipe flow and a swirl generator were realised, as well as comparisions with LDA. A second experiment utilized Cranfields University’s Complex Intake Facility (CCITF), enabling the simulation of the flow field for an engine intake as observed behind an S-Duct diffuser. The diameter in the measuring plane was 160 mm. Measurements up to a mach number of 0.4 were performed and compared with HighSpeed Stereo-PIV (S-PIV) measurements. Good agreement was achieved in respect to both the absolute magnitude of the velocity measurements as well as to the resolution of complex flow structures. The developed FRS multi-view Setup is able to simultaneously determine the 3D velocity components, the pressure and the temperature on a measurement plane with high resolution and without seeding. After calibration the FRS system yields the pressure and temperature within 3 percent respectively 0.8 percent of the reference values. The measured velocity was within 1-2 m/s of the reference.
Open Access
3-3 piezoelectric metamaterial with negative and zero Poisson's ratio for hydrophones applications
(Elsevier, 2018-12-18) Khan, Kamran Ahmed; Khan, Muhammad Ali
This study presents the electromechanical properties of the 3-3 piezoelectric metamaterial based on variants of honeycomb (HC) structure. Three kinds of three-dimensional (3D) elastically anisotropic and piezoelectrically active HC structures were introduced, namely, conventional HC (3D-CHC), a re-entrant HC (3D-RE) and a semi-re-entrant HC (3D-SRE). Highly porous 3D finite element models of the mentioned three kinds of metamaterials were developed and the role of ligament orientation on their effective elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric properties was completely characterized. The intrinsic symmetry of HC structure was utilized and simplified mixed boundary conditions equivalent to periodic boundary conditions were recognized. In comparison to their bulk constituent, all the 3-3 type piezoelectric HC networks exhibited an enhanced response, especially for the longitudinal poling. The normalized figures of merit show a mild dependence on the angle θ and the underlying deformation mechanisms associated with the zero, positive and negative Poisson’s ratios. Figures of merit such as hydrostatic strain coefficient (dh" role="presentation">), the hydrostatic figure of merit (dh.gh" role="presentation">) and the acoustic impedance (Z" role="presentation">) reached their best values at small angles, i.e., θ = 30°. Longitudinally poled networks exhibited four order of magnitude increase in their hydrostatic figure of merit (foam to solid ratio >10,000) and one order of magnitude decrease in the acoustic impedance indicating their applicability for the design of hydrophones.
Open Access
A 3D CFD analysis of flow past a hipped roof with comparison to industrial building standards
(Techno Press, 2022-06-25) Khalil, Khalid; Khan, Huzafa; Chahar, Divyansh; Townsend, Jamie F.; Rana, Zeeshan A.
Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow around a hipped-roof building representative of UK inland conditions are conducted. Unsteady simulations are performed using three variations of the k-ϵ RANS turbulence model namely, the Standard, Realizable, and RNG models, and their predictive capability is measured against current European building standards. External pressure coefficients and wind loading are found through the BS 6399-2:1997 standard (obsolete) and the current European standards (BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 and A1:20101). The current European standard provides a more conservative wind loading estimate compared to its predecessor and the k-ϵ RNG model falls within 15% of the value predicted by the current standard. Surface shear stream-traces and Q-criterion were used to analyze the flow physics for each model. The RNG model predicts immediate flow separation leading to the creation of vortical structures on the hipped-roof along with a larger separation region. It is observed that the Realizable model predicts the side vortex to be a result of both the horseshoe vortex and the flow deflected off it. These model-specific aerodynamic features present the most disparity between building standards at leeward roof locations. Finally, pedestrian comfort and safety criteria are studied where the k-ϵ Standard model predicts the most ideal pedestrian conditions and the Realizable model yields the most conservative levels.
Open Access
A 3D immersive discrete event simulator for enabling prototyping of factory layouts
(Elsevier, 2015-10-27) Oyekan, John; Hutabarat, Windo; Turner, Christopher J.; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Prajapat, Neha; Ince, Nadir; Gan, Xiao-Peng; Waller, Tony
There is an increasing need to eliminate wasted time and money during factory layout design and subsequent construction. It is presently difficult for engineers to foresee if a certain layout is optimal for work and material flows. By exploiting modelling, simulation and visualisation techniques, this paper presents a tool concept called immersive WITNESS that combines the modelling strengths of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) with the 3D visualisation strengths of recent 3D low cost gaming technology to enable decision makers make informed design choices for future factories layouts. The tool enables engineers to receive immediate feedback on their design choices. Our results show that this tool has the potential to reduce rework as well as the associated costs of making physical prototypes.
Open Access
3D modelling of Ti–6Al–4V linear friction welds
(Taylor & Francis, 2016-12-05) McAndrew, Anthony; Colegrove, Paul A.; Buhr, Clement
Linear friction welding (LFW) is a solid-state joining process that significantly reduces manufacturing costs when fabricating Ti–6Al–4V aircraft components. This article describes the development of a novel 3D LFW process model for joining Ti–6Al–4V. Displacement histories were taken from experiments and used as modelling inputs; herein is the novelty of the approach, which resulted in decreased computational time and memory storage requirements. In general, the models captured the experimental weld phenomena and showed that the thermo-mechanically affected zone and interface temperature are reduced when the workpieces are oscillated along the shorter of the two interface contact dimensions. Moreover, the models showed that unbonded regions occur at the corners of the weld interface, which are eliminated by increasing the burn-off.
Open Access
3D-printed thermoplastic composite fasteners for single lap joint reinforcement
(Elsevier, 2021-12-10) Li, Wenhao; Guo, Shijun; Giannopoulos, Ioannis K.; Lin, Minxiao; Xiong, Yi; Liu, Yiding; Shen, Zhengquan
This study presents findings for the strength and failure mechanism of a 3D-printed Continuous Carbon Fibre reinforced Onyx (CCF/Onyx) Thermo-Plastic Composite Fastener (TPCF) and a single lap-joint (SLJ) made of fibre/polymer composite reinforced by the TPCF. The study was carried out by numerical analysis and experiment methods including test sample design, manufacturing process and mechanical test. The 3D-printed fasteners were manufactured and tested in shear mode for two types of joining arrangement: fastened and hybrid bonded/fastened joints. Firstly, experiment was carried out for the TPCF fastened SLJ and the results show that addition of CCF in the Onyx matrix and post heat-treatment process could significant enhance the TPCF strength. The results was then benchmarked against a SLJ with steel fastening. The shear failure load of the SLJ reinforced by heat-treated CCF/Onyx TPCF of 8mm diameter was 36% lower than a SLJ reinforced by a steel bolt of the same size. Numerical model for progressive damage simulation was also created based on the failure theory from Puck and Schürmann achieving good correlation with the experimental data. Secondly, the TPCF fasteners were manufactured with two types of heat-treated countersunk head and pan head forming and used to reinforce bonded SLJ. The test results show that the bonded SLJ reinforced by the TPCF fastener of countersunk head is of 11.7% higher strength and an increase in ultimate deformation by 9.1% compared to a bonded SLJ reinforced by steel fastener of 5mm diameter. From the numerical and experimental study, it was noted that this was attributed to countersunk configuration to reduce out-out-plane bending and provide better crack arresting for the joint bonding.
Open Access
4 Developing a framework to improve leadership performance in healthcare organisations: the case of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(BMJ, 2018-10-31) Algarni, Namshan; McLaughlin, Patrick; Al-Ashaab, Ahmed
In order to improve leadership performance and enhance effective leadership in the healthcare sector organisations in general and the KSA in particular, this study proposes a theoretical framework to address the way in which leadership competency strengthens the relationship between leaders and followers. This research uses a constructive-interpretive philosophical approach, applying a qualitative strategy to achieve its objectives. The study aimed to identify the factors that related to performance level, including enablers and inhibitors of performance improvement. This helped to build an initial understanding about the context of the project and hence, address the critical factors and aspects that could be influencing leadership performance improvement in the healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia in order to develop a framework with suggested interventions to improve the productivity in this vital sector. Sampling of this study is the Health affairs of the Ministry of the Saudi National Guard. NGHA has also become well known internationally, especially in successful conjoined twins separations.
Open Access
4D printing of materials for the future: opportunities and challenges
(Elsevier, 2019-10-16) Joshi, Siddharth; Rawat, Krishna; Karunakaran, C.; Rajamohan, Vasudevan; Mathew, Arun Tom; Koziol, Krzysztof K. K.; Kumar Thakur, Vijay; Balan, A.S.S
The concept of 4D printing is its formation of complex three-dimensional structures that have the ability to adopt different shapes and forms when subjected to different environmental stimuli. A few researchers simply view 4D printing as an extended technique of 3D printing or additive manufacturing with the added constraint of time. However, the unique shape change mechanism exhibited in this process is a combination of shape programming and the usage of smart active materials mostly polymers. This review article highlights the various smart materials, activation mechanisms and the shape-changing techniques employed in the 4D printing process. The potential of the shape-changing structures and their current applications in various biomedical and engineering fields is also explored. The article aims to emphasize the potential and viability of 4D printing and focused on providing an in-depth insight into the 4D printing process.
Open Access
4D printing of smart polymer nanocomposites: integrating graphene and acrylate based shape memory polymers
(MDPI, 2021-10-24) Chowdhury, Jaydeep; Anirudh, Premnath Vijay; Karunakaran, Chandrasekaran; Rajmohan, Vasudevan; Mathew, Arun Tom; Koziol, Krzysztof K. K.; Alsanie, Walaa F.; Kannan, Chidambaram; Balan, Arunachalam S. S.; Thakur, Vijay Kumar
The ever-increasing demand for materials to have superior properties and satisfy functions in the field of soft robotics and beyond has resulted in the advent of the new field of four-dimensional (4D) printing. The ability of these materials to respond to various stimuli inspires novel applications and opens several research possibilities. In this work, we report on the 4D printing of one such Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) tBA-co-DEGDA (tert-Butyl Acrylate with diethylene glycol diacrylate). The novelty lies in establishing the relationship between the various characteristic properties (tensile stress, surface roughness, recovery time, strain fixity, and glass transition temperature) concerning the fact that the print parameters of the laser pulse frequency and print speed are governed in the micro-stereolithography (Micro SLA) method. It is found that the sample printed with a speed of 90 mm/s and 110 pulses/s possessed the best batch of properties, with shape fixity percentages of about 86.3% and recovery times as low as 6.95 s. The samples built using the optimal parameters are further subjected to the addition of graphene nanoparticles, which further enhances all the mechanical and surface properties. It has been observed that the addition of 0.3 wt.% of graphene nanoparticles provides the best results.
Open Access
4D trajectory optimization of commercial flight for green civil aviation
(IEEE, 2020-03-31) Tian, Yong; He, Xiuqi; Xu, Yan; Wan, Lili; Ye, Bojia
For the current development of green civil aviation, this study aims to optimize the green four-dimensional (4D) trajectory of commercial flight by taking into account conventional cost and environmental cost. Some fundamental models, efficient processing methodologies, and conventional objectives are proposed to construct the framework of trajectory optimization. Based on the environmental cost including greenhouse gas cost and harmful gas cost, green objective functions are presented. The A* algorithm and the trapezoidal collocation method are employed to optimize the lateral path and vertical profile for 4D optimization trajectory generation. A case study for the A320 from Barcelona Airport to Frankfurt Airport yields the results that the optimal costs can be obtained under different objectives and the total cost can be more optimized by adjusting the weights of environmental cost and conventional cost. The study builds an aided tool for 4D trajectory optimization and demonstrates that environmental factors and conventional factors should be taken into comprehensive consideration when constructing the flight trajectory in the future, as well as it can underpin the green and sustainable development of the air transport industry.
Open Access
A 4D-trajectory planning method based on hybrid optimization strategy for demand and capacity balancing
(IEEE, 2021-11-15) Chen, Yutong; Xu, Yan; Hu, Minghua; Huang, Fei; Nie, Qi
To effectively solve the Demand and Capacity Balancing (DCB) in future Trajectory-Based Operation (TBO) scenarios, this article first proposes a pre-tactical-and-tactical integrated Four-Dimensional Trajectory (4DT) planning framework. The framework decomposes large-scale 4DT planning into two stages, namely, the General 4DT (G4DT) planning in the pre-tactical stage and the Special 4DT (S4DT) planning in the tactical stage. A Hybrid Optimization Strategy (HOS) based planning method is designed for G4DT planning. In this method, the sequential decision architecture based on time window, heuristic strategy (greedy strategy) and optimization algorithm are combined to realize the fast trajectory planning of large-scale flights. In the optimization model based on continuous time, the nonlinear model is transformed into a linear model by constructing the flight conflict correlation matrix, which greatly improves the solving speed of the model. Real flight schedule data for French and Spanish airspace were used to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the HOS method. This method is compared with Computer-Assisted Slot Allocation (CASA). The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the flight delay time and improve the flight on-time rate. Due to its fast operation speed, the proposed method has great potential to dynamically update the planning results according to the real-time air space operation status in actual operation.
Open Access
4DT generator and guidance system
(Cranfield University, 2015-10) Amaro Carmona, Manuel Angel; Jia, Huamin
This thesis describes a 4D Trajectories Generator and Guidance system. 4D trajectory is a concept that will improve the capacity, efficiency and safety of airspace. First a 4D trajectories synthetizer design is proposed. A flight plan composed by a set of waypoints, aircraft dynamics model and a set of limits and constraints are assembled into an optimal control problem. Optimal solution is found by making use of an optimal control solver which uses pseudo spectral parametrization together with a generic nonlinear programming solver. A 4D Trajectories generator is implemented as a stand-alone application and combined with a graphic user interface to give rise to 4D Trajectories Research Software (4DT RS) capable to generate, compare and test optimal trajectories. A basic Tracking & Guidance system with proportional navigation concept is developed. The system is implemented as a complementary module for the 4D trajectories research software. Simulation tests have been carried out to demonstrate the functionalities and capabilities of the 4DT RS software and guidance system. Tests cases are based on fuel and time optimization on a high-traffic commercial route. A standard departure procedure is optimized in order to reduce the noise perceived by village’s population situated near airport. The tracking & guidance module is tested with a commercial flight simulator for demonstrating the performance of the optimal trajectories generated by the 4DT RS software.
Open Access
5G aviation networks using novel AI approach for DDoS detection
(IEEE, 2023-07-17) Whitworth, Huw; Al-Rubaye, Saba; Tsourdos, Antonios; Jiggins, Julia
The advent of Fifth Generation (5G) technology has ushered in a new era of advancements in the aviation sector. However, the introduction of smart infrastructure has significantly altered the threat landscape at airports, leading to an increased vulnerability due to the proliferation of endpoints. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement for an automated detection system capable of promptly identifying and thwarting network intrusions. This research paper proposes a deep learning methodology that merges a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to effectively detect various types of cyber threats using tabular-based image data. To transform time series features into 2D texture images, Gramian Angular Fields (GAFs) are utilized. These images are then stacked to form an N-channel image, which is fed into the CNN-GRU architecture for sequence analysis and identification of potential threats. The provide solution GAF-CNN-GRU achieved an accuracy of 98.6% on the Cranfield Embedded Systems Attack Dataset. We further achieved Precision, Recall and F1-scores of 97.84%, 91% and 94.3%. To evaluate model robustness we further tested this approach, using a benchmark random selection of input features, on the Canadian Institute for Cyber-Security (CIC) 2019 Distributed Denial-of-service attack (DDoS) Dataset achieving an Accuracy of 89.08%. Following feature optimisation our approach was able to achieve an accuracy of 98.36% with Precision, Recall and F1 scores of 93.09%, 95.45% and 94.56% respectively.
Open Access
A complementary fusion-based multimodal non-destructive testing and evaluation using phased-array ultrasonic and pulsed thermography on a composite structure
(MDPI AG, 2024-07-11) Torbali, Muhammet E; Zolotas, Argyrios; Avdelidis, Nicolas P; Alhammad, Muflih; Ibarra-Castanedo, Clemente; Maldague, Xavier P
Combinative methodologies have the potential to address the drawbacks of unimodal non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT & E) when inspecting multilayer structures. The aim of this study is to investigate the integration of information gathered via phased-array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) and pulsed thermography (PT), addressing the challenges posed by surface-level anomalies in PAUT and the limited deep penetration in PT. A center-of-mass-based registration method was proposed to align shapeless inspection results in consecutive insertions. Subsequently, the aligned inspection images were merged using complementary techniques, including maximum, weighted-averaging, depth-driven combination (DDC), and wavelet decomposition. The results indicated that although individual inspections may have lower mean absolute error (MAE) ratings than fused images, the use of complementary fusion improved defect identification in the total number of detections across numerous layers of the structure. Detection errors are analyzed, and a tendency to overestimate defect sizes is revealed with individual inspection methods. This study concludes that complementary fusion provides a more comprehensive understanding of overall defect detection throughout the thickness, highlighting the importance of leveraging multiple modalities for improved inspection outcomes in structural analysis.
Open Access
A comprehensive CFD investigation of tip vortex trajectory in shrouded wind turbines using compressible RANS solver
(Elsevier, 2024-03-12) Silva, Paulo A. S. F.; Tsoutsanis, Panagiotis; Vaz, Jerson R. P.; Macias, Marianela M.
It is well known that a shroud placed around a wind turbine can increase its power coefficient, but it brings complex mechanisms by which the shroud alters the flow passing through the rotor. Such mechanisms impose numerical challenges, as the shrouded turbines present nonlinear behavior in the wake. This paper deals with a comprehensive analysis of tip vortex trajectory in shrouded wind turbines using Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes numerical solutions. The analysis includes aerodynamic performance and vortex characteristics of the whole wind turbine. The Multiple Reference Frame is used on a high-order unstructured compressible solver to study both, isolated and shrouded rotor. The NREL Phase VI Unsteady Aerodynamic Experiment rotor is used as a test case. The accuracy of results for wind speeds between 7 and 25 ms^-1 is discussed. Overall, good agreement is achieved between the computed pressure distributions and the experimental reference values. At stalled blade, more efforts are needed to improve numerical solutions, especially for integrated load quantities. The vortex structure is examined, showing that shroud impacts tip vortex trajectory by the increase of the axial induced velocity at the rotor plane. This result, demonstrates that the classical Prandtl tip loss is not accurate for shrouded turbine analysis, and modern finite blade functions are needed. The influence of the flow conditions on the tip vortex trajectory, flow separation and shroud interaction are also discussed.
Open Access
A framework to leverage human resources information system for business performance
(Cranfield University, 2023-04) Sofi, Fadi; Fan, Ip-Shing; McLaughlin, Patrick
Payroll is one of the earliest applications in the history of business information system. Despite the early start, Human Resources Information System (HRIS) is primarily perceived as an administration tool. Most business managers do not recognise the business potential of HRIS. This research is motivated to address this phenomenon by identifying key Information System (IS) factors and organisation characteristics and initiatives to enhance HRIS business potential. The study proposes that, with the appropriate skills and knowledge, Human Resource (HR) practitioners can effectively use HRIS data to contribute to greater business success. Similarly, through effective initiatives implemented by business line managers, HR practitioners would be more capable of unlocking the potential of HRIS. A qualitative approach is adopted in exploring the key IS success factors, assessing HR practitioners’ skills, and understanding the initiatives that line managers could implement. The field data of this study were collected from HR practitioners and business line managers who worked for large companies in the UK. The field study confirmed that HRIS has been mainly used in an administrative context, with limited business impact. The two reasons suggested are: 1) there are shortfalls in HR practitioners’ strategic, analytic, and business skills and knowledge; 2) deficiencies in the line managers’ initiatives to maintain a productive HR-line relationship, empower HR practitioners, and adopt business expectations regarding the HR role. The research proposes a HRIS implementation framework that includes key IS success factors, required characteristics and initiatives that help HR practitioners to use HRIS effectively and unlock their potential to contribute to business success. The framework was developed into a Readiness Assessment Checklist (RAC) tool and used successfully in the implementation planning of a HRIS project. The research successfully applied information systems adoption research theories to develop a new model that captures the characteristics of Human Resource Management business practice.