Staff publications - Cranfield Health

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Browsing Staff publications - Cranfield Health by Publisher "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd"

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    An exploratory comparative study of volatile compounds in exhaled breath and emitted by skin using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
    (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z) Turner, Claire; Parekh, Bhavin; Walton, Christopher; Španěl, Patrik; Smith, David; Evans, Mark
    This study examined the utilization patterns of key Carbon sources (CS, 24: including key sugars, aminoacids and fatty acids) in maize by strains of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides under different water activity (aw, 0.87-0.98 aw) and temperature (20-35°C) values and compared the niche overlap indices (NOI) that estimate the in vitro carbon source utilization profiles (Wilson and Lindow, 1994). The ability to grow in these key CS in minimal media was studied for 120 hrs in 12 hr steps. The NOI was calculated for inter-species (F. verticillioides – A. flavus) and for intra-species (A. flavus - A. flavus) using CS utilisation patterns over the range of interacting environmental conditions. 30°C, over the whole aw range examined, was found to be optimal for utilization of the maximum number of CS by A. flavus. In contrast, for F. verticillioides this was more so at 20°C; 25°C allowed a suboptimal usage of CS for both species. NOIs confirmed the nutritional dominance of A. flavus at 30°C, especially at lower aw levels and that of F. verticillioides at 20°C, mainly at 0.95 aw. In other conditions of aw, based on CS utilization patterns, the data indicated that A. flavus and F. verticillioides occupied different ecological niches. The variability in nutritional sources utilization between A. flavus strains was not related to their ability to produce aflatoxins (AFs). This type of data helps to explain the nutritional dominance of fungal species and strains under different environmental conditions. This could be useful in trying to find appropriate natural biocontrol microorganisms to compete with these mycotoxigenic
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    Flexible Ultrathin PolyDVB/EVB Composite Membranes for the Optimization of a Lactate Sensor.
    (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z) Bridge, Kerry; Davis, Frank; Collyer, Stuart D.; Higson, Seamus P. J.
    An ultrathin composite membrane has been developed as the outer covering barrier in a model amperometric lactate oxidase enzyme electrode. The membrane was formed by cathodic electropolymerization of divinylbenzene/ethylvinylbenzene at the surface of a gold coated polyester support membrane. Permeability coefficients were determined for O2 and lactate across membranes with a range of polymer thicknesses. Anionic interferents (such as ascorbate) were screened from the working electrode by the composite membrane. The composite enzyme electrode showed an increased working concentration range and extended linearity of responses in comparison to an uncoated enzyme electrode.
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    Flexible Ultrathin PolyDVB/EVB Composite Membranes for the Optimization of a Whole Blood Glucose Sensor.
    (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z) Bridge, Kerry; Davis, Frank; Collyer, Stuart D.; Higson, Seamus P. J.
    An ultrathin composite membrane has been developed as the outer covering barrier in a model amperometric glucose oxidase enzyme electrode. The membrane was formed by cathodic electropolymerization of divinylbenzene/ethylvinylbenzene at the surface of a gold coated polyester support membrane. Permeability coefficients were determined for O2 and glucose across membranes with a range of polymer thicknesses. Anionic interferents (such as ascorbate), were screened from the working electrode via a charge exclusion mechanism. The enzyme electrode showed an initial 10% signal drift when first exposed to whole human blood over a period of 2 hours, after which responses remained essentially stable. Whole blood patient glucose determinations yielded a correlation coefficient of r2=0.99 compared to standard hospital analyses.
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    A sulfur-sulfur cross-linked polymer synthesized from a polymerizable dithiocarbamate as a source of dormant radicals
    (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010-06-01T00:00:00Z) Garcia Con, Luis Miguel; Whitcombe, Michael J.; Piletska, Elena V.; Piletsky, Sergey A.