Staff publications - Cranfield Health
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Browsing Staff publications - Cranfield Health by Publisher "BMJ Publishing Group"
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Item Open Access The burden of cancer at work: estimation as the first step to prevention(BMJ Publishing Group, 2008-12-31T00:00:00Z) Rushton, L.; Hutchings, S.; Brown, T. P.Objectives: Work-related cancers are largely preventa¬ble. The overall aim of this project is to estimate the current burden of cancer in Great Britain attributable to occupational factors, and identify carcinogenic agents, industries and occupations for targeting risk prevention. Methods: Attributable fractions and numbers were estimated for mortality and incidence for bladder, lung, non-melanoma skin, and sinonasal cancers, leukaemia and mesothelioma for agents and occupations classified as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Group 1 and 2A carcinogens with “strong” or “sugges¬tive” evidence for carcinogenicity at the specific cancer site in humans. Risk estimates were obtained from published literature and national data sources used for estimating proportionItem Open Access Mortality from infectious pneumonia in metal workers: a comparison with deaths from asthma in occupations exposed to respiratory sensitisers(BMJ Publishing Group, 2009-11-30T00:00:00Z) Palmer, K. T.; Cullinan, P.; Rice, S.; Brown, T.; Coggon, D.Background: National analyses of mortality in England and Wales have repeatedly shown excess deaths from pneumonia in welders. During 1979-90 the excess was attributable largely to deaths from lobar pneumonia and pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia, limited to men of working age and apparent in other occupations with exposure to metal fumes. The findings for 1991-2000 were assessed and compared with the mortality pattern from asthma in occupations exposed to known respiratory sensitisers. Methods: The Office of National Statistics supplied data on deaths by underlying cause among men aged 16-74 years in England and Wales during 1991-2000, including age and last held occupation. Data were abstracted on pneumonia for occupations with exposure to metal fumes and on asthma for occupations commonly reported to surveillance schemes as at risk of occupational asthma. The expected numbers of deaths were estimated by applying age-specific proportions of deaths by cause in the population to the total deaths by age in each occupational group. Observed and expected numbers were compared for each cause of death. Results: Among men of working age in occupations with exposure to metal fumes there was excess mortality from pneumococcal and lobar pneumonia (54 deaths vs 27.3 expected) and from pneumonias other than bronchopneumonia (71 vs 52.4), but no excess from these causes at older ages or from bronchopneumonia at any age. The attributable mortality from metal fume exposure was 45.3 excess deaths compared with an estimated 62.6 deaths from occupational asthma. Conclusion: Exposure to metal fumes is a material cause of occupational mortality. The hazard deserves far more attention than it presently receives.Item Open Access The Objective Structured Clinical Examination and student collusion: marks do not tell the whole truth.(BMJ Publishing Group, 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z) Parks, R.; Warren, P. M.; Boyd, K. M.; Cameron, H.; Cumming, A.; Lloyd-Jones, G.Objective: To determine whether the marks in the third year Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) were affected by the collusion reported by the students themselves on an electronic discussion board.reported by the students themselves on an electronic discussion board.