19th CIRP Design Conference – Competitive Design, 2009

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https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3539

Editors: Rajkumar Roy and Essam Shehab
Organised by: Cranfield University
Sponsored by: Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Company
ISBN: 978-0-9557436-4-1

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 86

Open Access
The Value of Design-led Innovation in Chinese SMEs
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Bolton, S.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
This paper focuses on understanding the role and use of design-led innovation in Chinese SMEs. The insights were gained by undertaking a pilot study, based on an applied developmental research approach involving participatory workshops, quantitative and qualitative positioning activities, in depth case studies and an individual pilot project undertaken with SMEs in the Pearl River Delta [PRD] over an 18 month period. It will discuss the findings, highlighting key areas of uncertainty that SMEs experience when attempting to make the transition from OEM to OBM, and how the findings have contributed to the development of a new design-led innovation framework.
Open Access
Investigating innovation practices in design: creative problem solving and knowledge management
(Cranfield University, 2009-03-31) Baxter, David; El Enany, N.; Varia, K.; Ferris, I.; Shipway, B.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
This paper describes a case study investigating two key aspects of innovation practice in an engineering company: creative problem solving (CPS) and knowledge management (KM). CPS methods offer benefit to organisations in developing novel solutions and improving operations. This research identified the key factors in applying CPS methods from the literature, and compared the creative practices of one engineering organisation with three creative organisations. KM practices can support the sharing and reuse of innovative practices and creative outcomes. A central conflict in adopting KM is codification vs. personalisation. This issue is discussed with reference to a KM framework proposal.
Open Access
Interoperability and Standards: The Way for Innovative Design in Networked Working Environments
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Agostinho, C.; Almeida, B.; Nuñez-Ariño, M. J.; Jardim-Gonçalves, R.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
In today’s networked economy, strategic business partnerships and outsourcing has become the dominant paradigm where companies focus on core competencies and skills, as creative design, manufacturing, or selling. However, achieving seamless interoperability is an ongoing challenge these networks are facing, due to their distributed and heterogeneous nature. Part of the solution relies on adoption of standards for design and product data representation, but for sectors predominantly characterized by SMEs, such as the furniture sector, implementations need to be tailored to reduce costs. This paper recommends a set of best practices for the fast adoption of the ISO funStep standard modules and presents a framework that enables the usage of visualization data as a way to reduce costs in manufacturing and electronic catalogue design.
Open Access
Applying Scenarios in the context of Specific User Design: Surgeon as an Expert User, and Design for Handicapped Children.
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Thomann, G.; Rasoulifar, R.; Villeneuve, F.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
In the context of specific user (surgery or handicap domain), the list of requirements is especially difficult to establish. We propose to reflect on the design methodology and especially on the Scenario & Emulation application. The aim is to make emerge needs in users who have specific relation to the final product. In this paper, we illustrate the research with two projects: the DESTIN Project (know-how and experience of the surgeons) and the AE2M Project (handicapped children). User, usage and products are the parameters we chose to define and to categorize with the objective to optimise the design process.
Open Access
Competing in Engineering Design – the Role of Virtual Product Creation
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Stark, R.; Krause, F. L.; Kind, C.; Rothenburg, U.; Müller, P.; Stöckert, H.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Product creation is facing the next level of fundamental changes. Global demands are growing substantially to achieve energy efficient and sustainable value creation networks for products, production and services without compromising traditional success factors such as time to market, cost and quality. To stay competitive within such an environment development partners in industry and public sectors will require new interplay solutions for engineering design execution, domain knowledge representation, expert competence utilization and digital assistance systems. This scenario offers the chance for virtual production creation solutions to become critical for the future by offering unique engineering capabilities which have not yet explored or deployed. The paper investigates key elements of modern virtual product creation – such as agile process execution, functional product modeling and context appropriate information management – towards their competitive role in satisfying increasing numbers of product requirements, in delivering robust systems integration and in ensuring true sustainable product lifecycle solutions.
Open Access
Set-Based Concurrent Engineering Model for Automotive Electronic/Software Systems Development
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Al-Ashaab, Ahmed; Howell, S.; Usowicz, K.; Hernando Anta, P.; Gorka, A.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
This paper is presenting a proposal of a novel approach to automotive electronic/software systems development. It is based on the combination of Set-Based Concurrent Engineering, a Toyota approach to product development, with the standard V-Model of software development. Automotive industry currently faces the problem of growing complexity of electronic/software systems. This issue is especially visible at the level of integration of these systems which is difficult and error-prone. The presented conceptual proposal is to establish better processes that could handle the electronic/software systems design and development in a more integrated and consistent manner.
Open Access
Grid Services for Multi-objective Optimisation
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Goteng, Gokop; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Roy, Rajkumar; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The emerging grid technology is defined as an infrastructure for secure and coordinated large-scale resource sharing. In this paper, we describe the architecture and grid services of DECGrid. DECGrid enables distributed design experts to collaborate and share resources during design optimisation. Mathematical models are built using services by experts. These models are then directly linked to NSGA-II optimisation algorithm service and allow design experts to enter design parameters of their choice. A real-life case study-welded beam problem was used to validate the prototype. The results obtained showed a wider spread in the solution space compared to the results in literature.
Open Access
Symbiotic Design of Products and Manufacturing Systems Using Biological Analysis
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) AlGeddawy, T. N.; ElMaraghy, H. A.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Changes in manufacturing systems are oftenly driven by product design variations that exist at specific points in time, and gradual product design changes that appear over time. Further interactions take place to fully utilize established manufacturing system capabilities when considering product future designs. This is common in eco-systems when two or more different species co-evolve simultaneously, and it has inspired the development of a new model to capture the symbiotic relationship between products and their manufacturing systems based on Cladistics which is commonly used in biology. The obtained hierarchal order was analyzed in depth to track the product changes record and guide the next design steps to benefit from system capabilities.
Open Access
How do Designers Categorize Information in the Generation Phase of the Creative Process?
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Kim, J. E.; Bouchard, C.; Omhover, J. F.; Aoussat, A.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
In this paper, firstly we provide a wide range of literature review on designer’s cognitive activity in order to bridge informative and generative phase in the early stages of design. In the generation phase of the creative process, designers use various levels of information and execute internal processing. We found that some of this internal processing (especially in encoding, storage and recall) can be described as information categorisation. In this respect, we propose a descriptive model of information processing to generate ideas by integrating a model from cognitive psychology. We conclude by discussing the limitations of current research and perspectives for further work.
Open Access
A TRIZ Based Methodology for the Analysis of the Coupling Problems in Complex Engineering Design
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Fei, G.; Gao, James X.; Tang, X. Q.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Conceptual design is a critical and innovative stage in engineering product and system design. In the conceptual design process, it would be ideal if all functional requirements are maintained independently according to the law of Axiomatic Design theory. However, in practice, especially in complex engineering product and system design, more often the requirements are not independent (or coupled), and this makes conceptual design more difficult. In this paper, a coupling analysis methodology, framework and related techniques are proposed which integrate axiomatic design with the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), in order to identify and analyse the coupling problems existing in conceptual design. An illustrative example is also presented.
Open Access
We are Designers Because We Can Abstract
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Adel, A.; Djeridi, R.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Due to the increasing systems complexity, architecture design became an important issue. It gained interest and its importance was framed in three domains: as a way to understand complex systems, to design them, to manage their manufacturing process and to provide long-term rationality. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to survey the existing definition approaches on architecture. Secondly, we propose a model for architecture design which articulates the potential linkage between two principle concepts: synthesis and abstraction. Our proposal model focuses on abstraction concept and permits an effective top-down design approach. It helps also designers to more respond to issues that characterize architecture design.
Open Access
The Drift of the Xsens Moven Motion Capturing Suit during Common Movements in a Working Environment
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Damgrave, R. G. J.; Lutters, D.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
When using inertial motion capturing technology, the accuracy of the results is strongly influenced by the socalled drift. This paper describes the drift of an Xsens Moven motion capturing suit during common movements, measured in a standard working environment. The test is performed in a room not shielded from magnetic disturbances, to acquire insight on how accurate the absolute position determination of the motion capturing system is during use in a standard environment. The test is performed by walking a path with the same start and end point, and reviewing the measured difference in the absolute position of one sensor.
Open Access
Web-based Collaborative Working Environment and Sustainable Furniture Design
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Su, D.; Casamayor, J.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
To meet the demand of online collaborative design, a Web-based Collaborative Working Environment (CWE) has been developed. An approach to enhance sustainable furniture design by utilizing the CWE is proposed. In this paper, the CWE framework is briefly presented, which consists of upperware, middleware and resource layers; then three key aspects of sustainable furniture design by utilizing the CWE are presented, including material and manufacturing processes selection, design for disassembly and damaged furniture return, followed by an example of damaged furniture return using the CWE to further illustrate the approach.
Open Access
An Improved Method of Failure Mode Analysis for Design Changes
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Laurenti, R.; Rozenfeld, H.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Customers and market changes behaviour are a large part of the product creation and modification. Though, design changes introduce new potential failures into the products. In this paper, it is presented an integrated method which turns attention to the analysis of design changes. The method is based on FMEA and DRBFM methods, and on remarks from four focused interviews. The interviews showed the necessity of a structured process of managing engineering changes, multidisciplinary work, empowerment of responsibilities, committed personnel and understanding of the modifications. Yet, further work must be undertaken to assess and validate the novel method.
Open Access
A Study on Process Description Method for DFM Using Ontology
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Hiekata, K.; Yamato, H.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
A method to describe process and knowledge based on RDF which is an ontology description language and IDEF0 which is a formal process description format is proposed. Once knowledge of experienced engineers is embedded into the system the knowledge will be lost in the future. A production process is described in a proposed format similar to BOM and the process can be retrieved as a flow diagram to make the engineers to understand the product and process. Proposed method is applied to a simple production process of common sub-assembly of ships for evaluation.
Open Access
The Use of DfE Rules During the Conceptual Design Phase of a Product to Give a Quantitative Environmental Evaluation to Designers
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Alhomsi, H.; Zwolinski, P.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
In order to help designers to understand and translate the environmental constraints into effective actions, methods and tools have to be developed to enable the generation of more environmentally benign design alternatives according to Design for Environment rules. This article explains how to use DfE rules earlier during the conceptual design phase, when the designers don’t have simple qualitative tools or methods to evaluate their products. Two main actions have been realised: 1) to identify which kind of rules can be applied when designers only have a functional representation of their product 2). To create the necessary indicators to evaluate these rules depending on designers choices.
Open Access
Interpretation of a General Model for Inventive Problems, the Generalized System of Contradictions
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Dubois, S.; Rasovska, I.; De Guio, R.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
Design of technical systems implies either optimisation or inventive problems resolution. Resolution tools and methods exist for each kind of problems. Each family of resolution tools uses specific models for problem statement. A generic model that fits both kinds of problems has been defined, the Generalized System of Contradictions model. In border of this model a problem can be stated when no solution can be found by optimisation techniques. In this paper the Generalized System of Contradictions is linked to Design of Experiments model. Moreover a step towards problem resolution is proposed by the interpretation of the generic model. This interpretation is based on the definition of exhaustive concepts, it means of concepts enabling to look for solution outside of the initially defined domain. This process of problem statement out of the result of DoE and of interpretation of the built model is detailed and then illustrated through an example.
Open Access
The Product Piracy Conflict Matrix – Central Element of an Integrated, TRIZ-based Approach to Technology-based Know-how Protection
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Schuh, G.; Haag, C.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The paper gives a general introduction to product piracy as an economic and a methodological challenge. Technology-based know-how protection is presented and its potentials outlined. The corporate value chain is discussed as the relevant system when implementing technological know-how protection mechanisms and as an essential dimension of the so called Product Piracy Conflict Matrix (PPC Matrix). Forming the methodological analogy, the TRIZ contradiction table is presented as a starting point for the PPC Matrix. The development of the matrix is described and its implications as part of a comprehensive process model for technological know-how protection are discussed. Finally, a detailed and critical outlook both towards its application potentials and towards further research needs is given.
Open Access
Developing a current capability design for manufacture framework in the aerospace industry
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Whiteside, A.; Shehab, Essam; Beadle, Chris; Percival, M.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
During progressive product design and development in the aerospace industry, a lack of effective communication between the sequential functions of design, manufacturing and assembly often causes delays and setbacks whereby production capabilities are unable to realise design intent in high-complexity product models. As a result, there is a need to formalise the progressive release of an engineering model to production functions during New Product Introduction (NPI) via defining key stages of definition maturity and information requirements through a structured process. This paper describes the development of a framework to facilitate optimal ‘design for manufacture’ based on current manufacturing capabilities within the aerospace industry.
Open Access
TRIZ Evolution Trends in Biological and Technological Design Strategies
(Cranfield University Press, 2009-03-31) Bogatyrev, N. R.; Bogatyreva, O. A.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam Shehab
The concept of evolution in technology and biology is discussed. It appears that most of the evolution trends in technology and biology result from different development strategies. This conflict has roots from the time when technology emerged to adapt the environment for our needs. Following that strategy to full extent is dangerous. We need also to adapt to the environment, but current technology neither has the mechanisms for such changes nor the knowledge of which directions to go. Therefore learning from nature is a real challenge. We suggest ten new evolution trends for strategic design to be ahead on future markets.