Browsing by Author "Temple, Clive"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Aeroelastic analysis of a single element composite wing in ground effect using Fluid Structure Interaction
    (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022-04-01) Bang, Chris Sungkyun; Rana, Zeeshan; Könözsy, László Z.; Rodriguez, Veronica M.; Temple, Clive
    The present work focuses on an advanced coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural analysis (FEA) on the aeroelastic behaviour of a single element inverted composite wing with the novelty of including the ground effect. The front wing of the Formula One (F1) car can become flexible under the fluid loading due to elastic characteristics of composite materials, resulting in changing the flow field and eventually altering overall aerodynamics. The purpose of this study is to setup an accurate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modelling framework and to assess the influence of elastic behaviour of the wing in ground effect on the aerodynamic and structural performance. Different turbulence models are studied to better capture the changes of the flow field and variation of ride heights are considered to investigate the influence of ground effect on aerodynamic phenomena. A steady-state two-way coupling method is exploited to run the FSI numerical simulations using ANSYS, which enables simultaneous calculation by coupling CFD with FEA. The effect of various composite structures on the wing performance is extensively studied concerning structure configuration, ply orientation and core materials. The numerical results generally represent good agreement with the experimental data, however, discrepancy, especially in the aerodynamic force, is presented. This may be consequence of less effective angle of attack due to the wing deflection and deterioration of vortex-induced effect. For the structural analysis, the woven structure gives rise to more stable structural deflection than the unidirectional structure despite the associated weight penalty.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Development of CNC prototype for the characterization of the nanoparticle release during physical manipulation of nanocomposites
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016-02-18) Gendre, Laura; Marchante, Veronica; Abhyankar, Hrushikesh; Blackburn, Kim; Temple, Clive; Brighton, James L.
    This work focuses on the release of nanoparticles from commercially used nanocomposites during machining operations. A reliable and repeatable method was developed to assess the intentionally exposure to nanoparticles, in particular during drilling. This article presents the description and validation of results obtained from a new prototype used for the measurement and monitoring of nanoparticles in a controlled environment. This methodology was compared with the methodologies applied in other studies. Also, some preliminary experiments on drilling nanocomposites are included. Size, shape and chemical composition of the released nanoparticles were investigated in order to understand their hazard potential. No significant differences were found in the amount of nanoparticles released between samples with and without nanoadditives. Also, no chemical alteration was observed between the dust generated and the bulk material. Finally, further developments of the prototype are proposed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Incorporating biodegradation and advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of spent metalworking fluids
    (Taylor & Francis, 2012-04-27T00:00:00Z) MacAdam, Jitka; Ozgencil, Haci; Autin, Olivier; Pidou, Marc; Temple, Clive; Parsons, Simon A.; Jefferson, Bruce
    The treatment of spent metalworking fluids (MWFs) is difficult due to their complex and variable composition. Small businesses often struggle to meet increasingly stringent legislation and rising costs as they need to treat this wastewater on site annually over a short period. Larger businesses that treat their wastewater continuously can benefit from the use of biological processes, although new MWFs designed to resist biological activity represent a challenge. A three-stage treatment is generally applied, with the oil phase being removed first, followed by a reduction in COD loading and then polishing of the effluent's quality in the final stage. The performance of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which could be of benefit to both types of businesses was studied. After assessing the biodegradability of spent MFW, different AOPs were used (UV/H2O2, photo-Fenton and UV/TiO2) to establish the treatability of this wastewater by hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The interactions of both the chemical and biological treatments were also investigated. The wastewater was found to be readily biodegradable in the Zahn–Wellens test with 69% COD and 74% DOC removal. The UV/TiO2 reactor was found to be the cheapest option achieving a very good COD removal (82% at 20min retention time and 10Lmin−1 aeration rate). The photo-Fenton process was found to be efficient in terms of degradation rate, achieving 84% COD removal (1M Fe2+, 40M H2O2, 20.7Jcm−2, pH 3) and also improving the wastewater's biodegradability. The UV/H2O2 process was the most effective in removing recalcitrant COD in the post-biological treatment stage.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Modelling and validation of synthesis of poly lactic acid using an alternative energy source through a continuous reactive extrusion process
    (MDPI, 2016-04-22) Dubey, Satya P.; Abhyankar, Hrushikesh; Marchante, Veronica; Brighton, James L.; Blackburn, Kim; Temple, Clive; Bergmann, Björn; Trinh, Giang; David, Chantal
    PLA is one of the most promising bio-compostable and bio-degradable thermoplastic polymers made from renewable sources. PLA is generally produced by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide using the metallic/bimetallic catalyst (Sn, Zn, and Al) or other organic catalysts in a suitable solvent. In this work, reactive extrusion experiments using stannous octoate Sn(Oct)2 and tri-phenyl phosphine (PPh)3 were considered to perform ROP of lactide. Ultrasound energy source was used for activating and/or boosting the polymerization as an alternative energy (AE) source. Ludovic® software, designed for simulation of the extrusion process, had to be modified in order to simulate the reactive extrusion of lactide and for the application of an AE source in an extruder. A mathematical model for the ROP of lactide reaction was developed to estimate the kinetics of the polymerization process. The isothermal curves generated through this model were then used by Ludovic software to simulate the “reactive” extrusion process of ROP of lactide. Results from the experiments and simulations were compared to validate the simulation methodology. It was observed that the application of an AE source boosts the polymerization of lactide monomers. However, it was also observed that the predicted residence time was shorter than the experimental one. There is potentially a case for reducing the residence time distribution (RTD) in Ludovic® due to the ‘liquid’ monomer flow in the extruder. Although this change in parameters resulted in validation of the simulation, it was concluded that further research is needed to validate this assumption.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Numerical investigation and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis on a double-element simplified Formula One (F1) composite wing in the presence of ground effect
    (MDPI, 2022-02-19) Bang, Chris Sungkyun; Rana, Zeeshan A.; Könözsy, László Z.; Marchante Rodriguez, Veronica; Temple, Clive
    This research paper focuses on a novel coupling of the aerodynamic and structural behaviour of a double-element composite front wing of a Formula One (F1) vehicle, which was simulated and studied for the first time here. To achieve this goal, a modified two-way coupling method was employed in the context of high performance computing (HPC) to simulate a steady-state fluid-structure interaction (FSI) configuration using the ANSYS software package. The front wing plays a key role in generating aerodynamic forces and controlling the fresh airflow to maximise the aerodynamic performance of an F1 car. Therefore, the composite front wing becomes deflected under aerodynamic loading conditions due to its elastic behaviour which can lead to changes in the flow field and the aerodynamic performance of the wing. To reduce the uncertainty of the simulations, a grid sensitivity study and the assessment of different engineering turbulence models were carried out. The practical contribution of our investigations is the quantification of the coupled effect of the aerodynamic and structural performance of the wing and an understanding of the influence of ride heights on the ground effect. It was found that the obtained numerical surface pressure distributions, the aerodynamic forces, and the wake profiles show an accurate agreement with experimental data taken from the literature.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Numerical investigation on various heat exchanger performances to determine an optimum configuration for charge air cooler, oil and water radiators in F1 sidepods
    (Elsevier, 2017-02-07) Könözsy, László Z.; Temple, Clive
    The present work focuses on a three-dimensional CFD approach to predict the performance of various heat exchangers in conjunction with non-isothermal transitional flows for motorsport applications. The objective of this study is to determine the heat transfer, pressure drop and inhomogeneous flow behaviour for distinct heat exchangers to identify an optimum configuration for the charge air cooler, water and oil radiators placed in the sidepods of a formula one (F1) car. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of various heat exchanger configurations has been carried out in this work. In order to assess the reliability of the obtained results, a mesh sensitivity study along with additional parametric investigations have been performed to provide numerical parameters predicting accurately (a) the heat transfer rate at the fluid-solid interface and (b) the sporadic separation. As a result of the performed validation procedure in this study, the aerodynamic- and thermal boundary layer development along with the convective characteristics of the air flow have been captured accurately near to the heated surface. The characterization of a heat exchanger core and a core configuration in a closed domain is also possible with this procedure. The presented three-dimensional CFD approach could overcome the difficulties of macroscopic heat exchanger and porous media methods for F1 applications, because it can be used to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop related to the mass flow rate correlation curves. The contribution of fins to the total heat transfer rate has been predicted theoretically, and application benchmark test cases have been presented to analyze five different heat exchanger configurations in accordance with the 2014 formula one technical regulations. The numerical data extracted directly from three-dimensional CFD simulations can be used in the sidepod design process of the external cooling system of F1 engines.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Simulation study for investment decisions on the EcoBoost camshaft machining line
    (Professional Engineering Publishing, 2011-11-30T00:00:00Z) Ladbrook, J.; Tjahjono, Benny; Oakes, E.; de Sanabria Sales, R. R.; de Rueda, A. G.; Lizarazu, U.; Temple, Clive
    Design/redesign of manufacturing systems is a complex, risky, and expensive task. Ford Motor Company’s Valencia Engine Plant faces this challenge as it plans to upgrade its machining and assembly lines to introduce the new EcoBoost engines. The research project described in this paper aimed to support the transition process particularly at the camshaft machining line by using simulation modelling techniques. A series of experiments was carried out using the simulation model developed, and recommendations were proposed based on the results of these experiments to support the decision as to where to invest on the line. The outcomes from the research project indicated that investment is required in terms of increasing the capacity of two bottleneck operations through retooling and improving the conveyor routing logic in one key area. Keywords: simulation modelling, closed-loop network, automotive production systems
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Thermodynamic and combustion characteristics of ultra-high performance engines for motorsport applications
    (Cranfield University, 2023-08) Le Roux de Bretagne, Olivier; Harrisson, Matthew F.; Temple, Clive
    Using steady-state and transient one-dimensional gas dynamic engine models developed with AVL Boost™, critical assessment of the performance characteristics of the current 2014+ Formula One™ engine and of the future 2026 Formula One™ Power Unit are investigated. For the 2014+ regulations, a Digital Twin, aiming at replicating the trends of the real engine despite a lack of component-level-detail data, is created and used to scientifically explain how this engine achieves 50+% brake fuel conversion efficiency and to rank the contribution of each enabling technologies (high compression ratio, lean combustion, passive pre-chamber, direct injection, asymmetric valve profiles, MGU-H and waste gates used as pressure-relief valves). The impact of the 2026 Formula One™ Power Unit regulations on engine performance is investigated and highlights that the reduction in fuel flow will not only result in the obvious reduction in power output but also in in-cylinder pressure which introduces opportunities for enhanced combustion process and higher air/fuel ratios. Nevertheless, with the high MGU-K power, both the 2014+ and 2026 Power Units are predicted to have similar peak output power despite an advantage at low speed for the 2026 regulations thanks to the capacity of electric motor to produce torque at low speed. Using transient simulations, the impact of the removal of the MGU-H in the 2026 regulations is assessed and an anti-lag solution using the MGU-K called torque consuming is investigated. It is demonstrated that always operating the engine at full load during acceleration phases and using the MGU-K to absorb the excess power compared to the power demand / to control the amount of power delivered to the wheels helps to reduce turbo lag, improve engine efficiency, and reduce the need for the MGU-K to torque fill, but at the expense of a higher fuel consumption.