Browsing by Author "Sulyok, Michael"
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Item Open Access Carbon dioxide production as an indicator of Aspergillus flavus colonisation and aflatoxins/cyclopiazonic acid contamination in shelled peanuts stored under different interacting abiotic factors(Elsevier, 2019-10-24) Garcia-Cela, Esther; Gari Sanchez, F. J.; Sulyok, Michael; Verheecke-Vaessen, Carol; Medina, Angel; Kruska, Rudolf; Magan, NareshAspergillus flavus is the main xerophylic species colonising stored peanuts resulting in contamination with aflatoxins (AFs) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). This study evaluated the relationship between storage of shelled peanuts under interacting abiotic conditions on (a) temporal respiration (R) and cumulative CO2 production, (b) dry matter losses (DMLs) and (c) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and CPA accumulation. Both naturally contaminated peanuts and those inoculated with A. flavus were stored for 7-days under different water activities (aw; 0.77–0.95) and temperatures (20–35°C). There was an increase in the temporal CO2 production rates in wetter and warmer conditions, with the highest respiration at 0.95 aw + A. flavus inoculum at 30°C (2474 mg CO2kg−1h−1). The DMLs were modelled to produce contour maps of the environmental conditions resulting in maximum/minimum losses. Maximum mycotoxin contamination was always at 0.95 aw although optimal temperatures were 25-30°C for AFs and 30-35°C for CPA. These results showed a correlation between CO2 production and mycotoxin accumulation. They also provide valuable information for the creation of a database focused on the development of a post-harvest decision support system to determine the relative risks of contamination with these mycotoxins in stored shelled peanuts.Item Open Access Fusarium graminearum in stored wheat: use of CO2 production to quantify dry matter losses and relate this to relative risks of Zearalenone contamination under interacting environmental conditions(MDPI, 2018-02-17) Garcia-Cela, Esther; Kiaitsi, Elisavet; Sulyok, Michael; Medina-Vayá, Ángel; Magan, NareshZearalenone (ZEN) contamination from Fusarium graminearum colonization is particularly important in food and feed wheat, especially during post-harvest storage with legislative limits for both food and feed grain. Indicators of the relative risk from exceeding these limits would be useful. We examined the effect of different water activities (aw; 0.95–0.90) and temperature (10–25 °C) in naturally contaminated and irradiated wheat grain, both inoculated with F. graminearum and stored for 15 days on (a) respiration rate; (b) dry matter losses (DML); (c) ZEN production and (d) relationship between DML and ZEN contamination relative to the EU legislative limits. Gas Chromatography was used to measure the temporal respiration rates and the total accumulated CO2 production. There was an increase in temporal CO2 production rates in wetter and warmer conditions in all treatments, with the highest respiration in the 25 °C × 0.95 aw treatments + F. graminearum inoculation. This was reflected in the total accumulated CO2 in the treatments. The maximum DMLs were in the 0.95 aw/20–25 °C treatments and at 10 °C/0.95 aw. The DMLs were modelled to produce contour maps of the environmental conditions resulting in maximum/minimum losses. Contamination with ZEN/ZEN-related compounds were quantified. Maximum production was at 25 °C/0.95–0.93 aw and 20 °C/0.95 aw. ZEN contamination levels plotted against DMLs for all the treatments showed that at ca. <1.0% DML, there was a low risk of ZEN contamination exceeding EU legislative limits, while at >1.0% DML, the risk was high. This type of data is important in building a database for the development of a post-harvest decision support system for relative risks of different mycotoxins.Item Open Access MycoKey round table discussions of future directions in research on chemical detection methods, genetics and biodiversity of mycotoxins(MDPI, 2018-03-01) Leslie, John F.; Lattanzio, Veronica; Audenaert, Kris; Battilani, Paola; Cary, Jeffrey; Chulze, Sofia N.; De Saeger, Sarah; Gerardino, Annamaria; Karlovsky, Petr; Liao, Yu-Cai; Maragos, Chris M.; Meca, Giuseppe; Medina-Vayá, Ángel; Moretti, Antonio; Munkvold, Gary; Mulè, Giuseppina; Njobeh, Patrick; Pecorelli, Ivan; Perrone, Giancarlo; Pietri, Amedeo; Palazzini, Juan M.; Proctor, Robert H.; Rahayu, Endang S.; Ramírez, Maria L.; Samson, Robert; Stroka, Jörg; Sulyok, Michael; Sumarah, Mark; Waalwijk, Cees; Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Hao; Logrieco, Antonio F.MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, includes a series of “Roundtable Discussions” to gather information on trending research areas in the field of mycotoxicology. This paper includes summaries of the Roundtable Discussions on Chemical Detection and Monitoring of mycotoxins and on the role of genetics and biodiversity in mycotoxin production. Discussions were managed by using the nominal group discussion technique, which generates numerous ideas and provides a ranking for those identified as the most important. Four questions were posed for each research area, as well as two questions that were common to both discussions. Test kits, usually antibody based, were one major focus of the discussions at the Chemical Detection and Monitoring roundtable because of their many favorable features, e.g., cost, speed and ease of use. The second area of focus for this roundtable was multi-mycotoxin detection protocols and the challenges still to be met to enable these protocols to become methods of choice for regulated mycotoxins. For the genetic and biodiversity group, both the depth and the breadth of trending research areas were notable. For some areas, e.g., microbiome studies, the suggested research questions were primarily of a descriptive nature. In other areas, multiple experimental approaches, e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, RNAi and gene deletions, are needed to understand the regulation of toxin production and mechanisms underlying successful biological controls. Answers to the research questions will provide starting points for developing acceptable prevention and remediation processes. Forging a partnership between scientists and appropriately-placed communications experts was recognized by both groups as an essential step to communicating risks, while retaining overall confidence in the safety of the food supply and the integrity of the food production chain.Item Open Access The influence of different abiotic conditions on the concentrations of free and conjugated (masked) deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in stored wheat: data(Cranfield University, 2024-02-09 16:10) Oluwakayode, Abimbola; Greer, brett; Meneely, Julie; He, Qiqi; Sulyok, Michael; Krska, Rudolf; Medina Vaya, AngelThis study aims to examine the impact of storage conditions of water activities 0.93, 0.95, 0.98 aw and temperature 20-25 °C on (a) the concentrations of DON and ZEN and their respective glucosides/conjugates and (b) the concentrations of emerging mycotoxins in both naturally contaminated and irradiated wheat grains inoculated with Fusarium graminearum to ascertain any potential increases in toxicity in the wheat grains.