Browsing by Author "Smith, M. A."
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Item Open Access Evaluating the quality of bioaerosol risk assessments for composting facilities in England and Wales(Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam., 2009-07-01T00:00:00Z) Drew, Gillian H.; Jordinson, G. M.; Smith, M. A.; Pollard, Simon J. T.A critical evaluation of 44 environmental risk assessments for composting facilities, submitted in support of environmental permits or exemption from licensing is presented. Assessments were scored semi-quantitatively, in triplicate, by reference to 11 generic and 11 bioaerosol-specific risk assessment attributes developed from existing regulatory guidance. Radar plots of the two attribute groups illustrate where opportunities for improvements exist, and are being used to inform regulatory guidance to the operators of composting facilities and their professional advisors. Aspects of the regulatory risk assessments requiring attention include (i) descriptions of the limitations and uncertainties within risk analyses, (ii) presentation of methodological details of sampling and analysis, and (iii) the provision of background information.Item Open Access Further improvement of warming-equivalent emissions calculation(Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 2021-03-19) Smith, M. A.; Cain, Michelle; Allen, Myles R.GWP* was recently proposed1 as a simple metric for calculating warming-equivalent emissions by equating a change in the rate of emission of a short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) to a pulse emission of carbon dioxide. Other metrics aiming to account for the time-dependent impact of SLCP emissions, such as CGWP, have also been proposed2. In 2019 an improvement to GWP* was proposed by Cain et al.3, hereafter CLA, combining both the rate and change in rate of SLCP emission, justified by the rate of forcing decline required to stabilise temperatures following a recent multi-decade emissions increase. Here we provide a more direct justification of the coefficients used in this definition of GWP*, with a small revision to their absolute values, by equating CO2 and SLCP forcing directly, without reference to the temperature response. This provides a more direct link to the impulse-response model used to calculate GWP values and improves consistency with CGWP values.