Browsing by Author "Rother, Fagner C."
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Item Open Access Radiological risk assessment by convergence methodology model in RDD scenarios(Wiley, 2016-02-19) Rother, Fagner C.; Rebello, Wilson F.; Healy, Matthew J. F.; Silva, Mauricio M.; Cabral, Paulo A. M.; Vital, Helio C.; Andrade, Edson R.A radiological dispersal device (RDD) is a simple weapon capable of causing human harm, environmental contamination, disruption, area denial, and economic cost. It can affect small, large, or long areas depending on atmospheric stability. The risk of developing a radio-induced cancer depends on exposure, and an effective response depends upon available timely guidance. This article proposes and demonstrates a convergence of three different capabilities to assess risk and support rapid safe resource efficient response. The three capabilities that are integrated are Hotspot for dispersion, RERF for epidemiological risk, and RESRAD-RDD for response guidance. The combined methodology supports decisions on risk reduction and resource allocation through work schedules, the designation and composition of response teams, and siting for operations. In the illustrative RDD scenario, the contamination area for sheltering, evacuation, and long-term public concern was greatest for calm atmospheric conditions, whilst close-quarter responders faced highest dose rates for neutral atmospheric conditions. Generally, the risks to women responders were found to be significantly greater than for men, and the risks to 20-year-old responders were three times that of their 60-year-old counterparts for similar exposure.Item Open Access Simulated nuclear contamination scenario, solid cancer risk assessment, and support to decision(De Gruyter Open, 2019-04-01) Lima, Sergio X.; Costa, Karolina P. S.; Lima, Zelmo R.; Rother, Fagner C.; Araujo, Olga M. O.; Vital, Helio C.; Brum, Tercio; Wilson, F.R.S; Amorim, Jose Carlos C.; Healy, Matthew J. F.; Andrade, Edson R.The detonation of an (hypothetical) improvised nuclear device (IND) can generate atmospheric release of radioactive material in the form of particles and dust that ultimately contaminate the soil. In this study, the detonation of an IND in an urban area was simulated, and its effects on humans were determined. The risk of solid caner development due to radiation was calculated by taking into account prompt radiation and whole-body exposure of individuals near the detonation site up to 10 km. The excess relative risk (ERR) of developing solid cancer was evaluated by using the mathematical relationship from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) studies and those from the HotSpot code. The methodology consists of using output data obtained from simulations performed with the HotSpot health physics code plugging in such numbers into a specific given equations used by RERF to evaluate the resulting impact. Such a preliminary procedure is expected to facilitate the decision-making process significantly.