Browsing by Author "Rostron, Paul"

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    Flow velocity and sand loading effect on erosion–corrosion during liquid-solid impingement on mild steel
    (MDPI, 2022-02-28) Parancheerivilakkathil, Muhammed S.; Parapurath, Shahid; Ainane, Sami; Yap, Yit Fatt; Rostron, Paul
    The presence of CO2, sand, and water in oil and gas reservoirs causes erosion–corrosion leading to material degradation in pipelines and fluid handling equipment that results in increasing maintenance and repair costs and a decrease in production. While the weight loss caused by erosion–corrosion is known to depend on flow velocity, angle of impact, sand loading and size and target material properties, field operators often limit the flow rate based on a critical corrosion velocity to protect the equipment. This study investigates the effects of sand loading and flow velocity on weight loss associated with erosion–corrosion in a mild steel sample using a submerged impingement jet. The weight loss by erosion, corrosion and their interaction for a flow velocity range of 10 m/s to 20 m/s and sand loading range of 300 mg/L to 600 mg/L, in a seawater environment, are presented. The results showed that the weight loss by pure erosion and erosion–corrosion interaction increases linearly with jet velocity and sand loading, and that erosion is dominant in all cases except at low velocity and sand loading. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images after impingement tests were analyzed. In addition, correlations for the velocity and sand loading were derived using the design of experiment method (DOE).
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    Parametric study of the corrosion of API-5L-X65 QT steel using potentiostat based measurements in a flow loop
    (MDPI, 2021-01-05) Ravikumar, Arjun; Rostron, Paul; Vahdati, Nader; Shiryayev, Oleg
    Low-carbon steel is widely used in industrial pipelines, and corrosion studies are focused mostly on erosion-corrosion, its prediction and control. In this paper, the corrosion rate in pipelines is modeled using a flow loop and measured by linear polarization resistance method (LPR) using a 3-electrode corrosion setup for API-5L-X65 QT steel. Optical microscopy and SEM studies are conducted to examine the surface of the sample and the corrosion products. The effect of NaCl concentration on the corrosion rate is studied at different pH, temperature range, and flow velocities with dissolved oxygen content in the solution maintained at 6 mg/L (6ppm). The corrosion rate is found to be varying from 1 mil per year (0.0254 mmyr−1) to 10 mils per year (0.254 mmyr−1), and the corrosion rate increases with the flow velocity and reaches a maximum at Reynolds Number above 10,000. Further increase in fluid velocity shows corrosion is flow insensitive, and uniform corrosion is predominant in the region.