Browsing by Author "Pulleyblank, Coren"
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Item Open Access Analytical progress and challenges for the detection of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon transformation products in aqueous and soil environmental matrices: A review(Taylor and Francis, 2019-01-11) Pulleyblank, Coren; Cipullo, Sabrina; Campo, Pablo; Kelleher, Brian; Coulon, FredericOver the past 20 years, a growing body of research has raised concerns about the toxicity, fate, and transport of oxygenated transformation products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Research targeting these diverse compounds in soil and water systems has been challenged by a lack of standard analytical techniques and suitable reference materials. However, recent efforts towards the consolidation of traditional analytical techniques as well as the development of novel approaches to improve sample preparation and hyphenated instrumental techniques show promise. This review discusses progress and challenges for both trends in analytical method development and makes recommendations for supporting oxygenated PAH research.Item Open Access Recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in contaminated soils using aminopropyl silica solid phase extraction(Elsevier, 2020-06-06) Pulleyblank, Coren; Kelleher, Brian; Campo, Pablo; Coulon, FredericThe formation, fate, and toxicology of oxy-, hydroxy-, and carboxy- substituted PAH (OPAH, OHPAH, COOHPAH, respectively) alongside PAH in contaminated soils have received increasing attention over the past two decades; however, there are still to date no standardized methods available for their identification and quantitation in soil. Here we investigated and developed the first method using aminopropylsilica solid phase extraction (SPE) for these compounds. We further investigated the efficacy of the developed method for three soils representing a range of contamination levels and soil textural characteristics and evaluated the impact of different sample preparation steps on the recovery of targeted compounds. Average recovery of PAH, OPAH, and OHPAH standards were 99%, 84%, and 86%, respectively for the SPE method. In contrast, COOHPAH exhibited the lowest recovery (0–82%) and poor inter-batch reproducibility. Soil texture and contamination levels influenced full method efficiency. Specifically, soils with higher proportion of clay contributed to the loss of the higher molecular weight OHPAH prior to SPE. Soil with the highest contamination showed enhanced recovery of some lower-concentration mid weight PAH and OPAH, while the least contaminated soil showed greater sensitivity to evaporative losses during sample preparation. Recommendations for reducing matrix effects as well as the practice of using deuterated PAH surrogate standards for OPAH analysis are further discussed. Quantitation of recovered PAH and oxygenated PAH across the three soils showed high reproducibility (<10% relative standard deviation for a majority of compounds), supporting the use of this method for PAH, OPAH, and OHPAH at contaminated sites.