Browsing by Author "Prigent, Stephane"

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    Towards agro-environmentally sustainable irrigation with treated produced water in hyper-arid environments
    (Elsevier, 2020-08-24) Echchelh, Alban; Hess, Tim; Sakrabani, Ruben; Prigent, Stephane; Stefanakis, Alexandros I.
    1. Introduction The extraction of oil and gas (O&G) is accompanied by massive volumes of produced water (PW), which is composed of formation water initially present in the hydrocarbon reservoir and also water that has been injected during O&G operations and comes back to the surface (such as water injected for enhanced oil recovery and hydraulic fracturing) (Engle et al., 2014). By volume, PW is the main by-product associated with the O&G industry (Veil, 2011) and its volume is increasing (Hedar and Budiyono, 2018; Nasiri et al., 2017). In the southeast Arabian Peninsula, for instance, the volume of PW generated by the O&G industry was estimated at 330,000 m3/day in 1997 (Al-Muscati et al., 1997), but is predicted to exceed 1 million m3/day in 2019 (Prabhu, 2018).