Browsing by Author "Lilly, Allan"
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Item Open Access Are existing soils data meeting the needs of stakeholders in Europe? An analysis of practical use from policy to field(Elsevier, 2017-09-21) Campbell, Grant Alistair; Lilly, Allan; Corstanje, Ronald; Mayr, Thomas R.; Black, H.Soils form a major component of the natural system and their functions underpin many key ecosystem goods and services. The fundamental importance of soils in the environment means that many different organisations and stakeholders make extensive use of soils data and information in their everyday working practices. For many reasons, stakeholders are not always aware that they are reliant upon soil data and information to support their activities. Various reviews of stakeholder needs and how soil information could be improved have been carried out in recent years. However, to date, there has been little consideration of user needs from a non-expert perspective. The aim of this study was to explore the use of explicit and hidden soil information in different organisations across Europe and gain a better understanding of improvements needed in soil data and information to assist in practical use by non-expert stakeholders. An on-line questionnaire was used to investigate different uses of soils data and information with 310 responses obtained from 77 organisations across Europe. Results illustrate the widespread use of soil data and information across diverse organisations within Europe, particularly spatial products and soil functional assessments and tools. A wide range of improvements were expressed with a prevalence for finer scale resolution, trends over time, future scenarios, improved accuracy, non-technical supporting information and better capacity to use GIS. An underlying message is that existing legacy soils data need to be supplemented by new up-to-date data to meet stakeholder needs and information gaps.Item Open Access Long-term increases in soil carbon due to ecosystem fertilization by atmospheric nitrogen deposition demonstrated by regional-scale modelling and observations(Nature Publishing Group, 2017-05-15) Tipping, Edward; Davies, J. A. C.; Henrys, P. A.; Kirk, Guy J. D.; Lilly, Allan; Dragosits, U.; Carnell, Edward J.; Dore, A. J.; Sutton, M. A.; Tomlinson, S. J.Fertilization of nitrogen (N)-limited ecosystems by anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Ndep) may promote CO2 removal from the atmosphere, thereby buffering human effects on global radiative forcing. We used the biogeochemical ecosystem model N14CP, which considers interactions among C (carbon), N and P (phosphorus), driven by a new reconstruction of historical Ndep, to assess the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in British semi-natural landscapes to anthropogenic change. We calculate that increased net primary production due to Ndep has enhanced detrital inputs of C to soils, causing an average increase of 1.2 kgCm−2 (c. 10%) in soil SOC over the period 1750–2010. The simulation results are consistent with observed changes in topsoil SOC concentration in the late 20th Century, derived from sample-resample measurements at nearly 2000 field sites. More than half (57%) of the additional topsoil SOC is predicted to have a short turnover time (c. 20 years), and will therefore be sensitive to future changes in Ndep. The results are the first to validate model predictions of Ndep effects against observations of SOC at a regional field scale. They demonstrate the importance of long-term macronutrient interactions and the transitory nature of soil responses in the terrestrial C cycle.Item Open Access Soil legacy data rescue via GlobalSoilMap and other international and national initiatives(Elsevier, 2017-06-15) Arrouays, Dominique; Leenaars, Johan G. B.; Richer-de-Forges, Anne C.; Adhikari, Kabindra; Ballabio, Cristiano; Greve, Mogens; Grundy, Mike; Guerrero, Eliseo; Hempel, Jon; Hengl, Tomislav; Heuvelink, Gerard; Batjes, Niels; Carvalho, Eloi; Hartemink, Alfred; Hewitt, Alan; Hong, Suk-Young; Krasilnikov, Pavel; Lagacherie, Philippe; Lelyk, Glen; Libohova, Zamir; Lilly, Allan; McBratney, Alex; McKenzie, Neil; Vasquez, Gustavo M.; Mulder, Vera Leatitia; Minasny, Budiman; Montanarella, Luca; Odeh, Inakwu; Padarian, Jose; Poggio, Laura; Roudier, Pierre; Saby, Nicolas; Savin, Igor; Searle, Ross; Solbovoy, Vladimir; Thompson, James; Smith, Scott; Sulaeman, Yiyi; Vintila, Ruxandra; Viscarra Rossel, Raphael; Wilson, Peter; Zhang, Gan-Lin; Swerts, Martine; Oorts, Katrien; Karklins, Aldis; Feng, Liu; Ibelles Navarro, Alexandro R.; Levin, Arkadiy; Laktionova, Tetiana; Dell'Acqua, Martin; Suvannang, Nopmanee; Ruam, Waew; Prasad, Jagdish; Patil, Nitin; Husnjak, Stjepan; Pásztor, László; Okx, Joop; Hallett, Stephen H.; Keay, Caroline; Farewell, Timothy; Lilja, Harri; Juilleret, Jérôme; Marx, Simone; Takata, Yusuke; Kazuyuki, Yagi; Mansuy, Nicolas; Panagos, Panos; van Liedekerke, Mark; Skalsky, Rastislav; Sobocka, Jaroslava; Kobza, Josef; Eftekhari, Kamran; Kacem Alavipanah, Seyed; Moussadek, Rachid; Badraoui, Mohamed; Da Silva, Mayesse; Paterson, Garry; da Conceição Gonçalves, Maria; Theocharopoulos, Sid; Yemefack, Martin; Tedou, Silatsa; Vrscaj, Borut; Grob, Urs; Kozák, Josef; Boruvka, Lubos; Dobos, Endre; Taboada, Miguel; Moretti, Lucas; Rodriguez, DarioLegacy soil data have been produced over 70 years in nearly all countries of the world. Unfortunately, data, information and knowledge are still currently fragmented and at risk of getting lost if they remain in a paper format. To process this legacy data into consistent, spatially explicit and continuous global soil information, data are being rescued and compiled into databases. Thousands of soil survey reports and maps have been scanned and made available online. The soil profile data reported by these data sources have been captured and compiled into databases. The total number of soil profiles rescued in the selected countries is about 800,000. Currently, data for 117, 000 profiles are compiled and harmonized according to GlobalSoilMap specifications in a world level database (WoSIS). The results presented at the country level are likely to be an underestimate. The majority of soil data is still not rescued and this effort should be pursued. The data have been used to produce soil property maps. We discuss the pro and cons of top-down and bottom-up approaches to produce such maps and we stress their complementarity. We give examples of success stories. The first global soil property maps using rescued data were produced by a top-down approach and were released at a limited resolution of 1 km in 2014, followed by an update at a resolution of 250 m in 2017. By the end of 2020, we aim to deliver the first worldwide product that fully meets the GlobalSoilMap specifications.