Browsing by Author "Liang, Yung-Hsiang"
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Item Open Access Assessments on human-computer interaction using touchscreen as control inputs in flight operations(Springer, 2022-06-16) Li, Wen-Chin; Liang, Yung-Hsiang; Korek, Wojciech Tomasz; Lin, John J. H.The developing technology on innovative touchscreen applied in the cockpit can integrate control inputs and outputs on the same display in flight operations. Flight systems could be updated by modifying the touchscreen user interface without the complicated processes on reconfiguring cockpit panels. There is a potential risk on touchscreen components constrained by the issues associated with inadvertent touch, which may be defined as any system detectable touch issued to the touch sensors without the pilot’s operational consent. Pilots’ visual behaviours can be explored by using eye trackers to analyze the relationship between eye scan patterns and attention shifts while conducting monitoring tasks in flight operations. This research aims to evaluate human-computer interactions using eye tracker to investigate the safety concerns on implementation of touchscreen in flight operations. The scenario was set to conduct an instrument landing on the final approach using future system simulator. Participants were required to interact with all the control surfaces and checklists using the touchscreens located on different areas in the cockpit. Each participant performed landing scenario as pilot-flying (PF) and pilot-monitoring (PM) in random sequence. Currently PF and PM perform different tasks related to control inputs and control outputs monitoring in the flight deck. The PF’s primary obligation is to fly the aircraft’s flight path, and the PM’s main responsibility is to monitor the aircraft’s flight path and cross-check to the PF’s operational behaviours. By analyzing participants’ visual behaviours and scanning patterns, the findings on HCI related to applying touchscreen for future flight deck design would be applicable. There are some benefits on the implementation touchscreen for future flight deck design if the human-centred design principle can be integrated in the early stage.Item Open Access Touchscreen controls for future flight deck design: investigating visual parameters on human-computer interactions between pilot flying and pilot monitoring(Aeronautical and Astronautical Society of the Republic of China, 2023-01-29) Li, Wen-Chin; Korek, Wojciech Tomasz; Liang, Yung-Hsiang; Lin, John J. H.This study is concentrated on investigating the different visual behaviors and HCI patterns between pilot flying and pilot monitoring while interacting with touchscreen controls on the flight deck. Twelve participants with flight experiences (M=1150, SD=4019.9) attended this research. The apparatus included Future Systems Simulator (FSS), eye tracker, and system usability scale (SUS). The designated scenario in the experiment was an instrument landing. All participants were required to perform two instrument landings in two different roles, pilot flying (PF) and pilot monitoring (PM). The order of role of randomized to eliminate practice effects. The results revealed that fixation counts of pilot flying were different among four AOIs, F (3, 9) = 10.58, p = .003, η_p^2 = .78. On the other hand, the FC of pilot monitoring demonstrated a significant difference among four AOIs, F (3, 8) = 8.69, p = .007, η_p^2 = .77. There was a significant difference between PF and PM on the subjective assessment of SUS total score, t (11) =3.85, p = 0.003, Cohen's d= 1.11. The application of a touchscreen can integrate input and output in the same area for visual feedback. There is a rising need to simplify the future flight deck design based on the principle of human-centered design. Conclusion: The application of touchscreen flight controls may have the potential to facilitate single-pilot operations flight deck design in the future. TSCs considerations must be consistent with human information processing and pilots' operational characteristics on the future flight deck.