Browsing by Author "Korek, Wojciech"
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Item Open Access Analysis of visualization systems in flight simulators(AIAA, 2023-06-08) Barrio, Luis D.; Korek, Wojciech; Millidere, Murat; Whidborne, James F.This paper details an analysis of different visualization systems for use in an academic flight simulator, Future Systems Simulator (FSS). First, an overview of off-the-shelf flight simulators is done, detailing the primary features of flight simulators such as Flight Gear, Prepar3D, X-Plane, and Microsoft Flight Simulator (2020). Then, the current setup of the FSS is presented (which uses FlightGear), followed by the process of introducing X-Plane as a scenery-generation tool. To conduct a comparative analysis between FlightGear and X-Plane visual systems, a total of twelve participants with varying levels of experience were invited to participate in the study. The participants performed flight trials in a simple landing scenario at Heathrow Airport. Additionally, the more complex approach at London City Airport was performed with a group of only four highly experienced participants. Participants then gave their feedback and completed a questionnaire. The data from their attempts were recorded for qualitative and quantitative comparison. The results were analyzed to determine which of the two visual systems could be used in the FSS moving forward.Item Open Access The evaluations of the impact of the pilot’s visual behaviours on the landing performance by using eye tracking technology(Springer, 2023-07-09) Wang, Yifan; Yang, Lichao; Korek, Wojciech; Zhao, Yifan; Li, Wen-ChinIntroduction. Eye tracking technology can be used to characterise a pilot's visual behaviour as well as to further analyse the workload and status of the pilot, which is crucial for tracking and predicting pilot performance and enhancing flight safety. Research questions. This research aims to investigate and identify the visual-related factors that could affect the pilot's landing operation performance (depending on whether the landing was successful or not). Method. There are 23 participants who performed the task of landing in the Future system simulator (FSS) while wearing eye trackers. Their eye tracking parameters including proportion of fixation count on primary flight display (PFC on PFD), proportion of fixation count on out the window (PFC on OTW), percentage change in pupil diameter (PCPD) and blink count were trained for classification using XGBoost according to whether they landed successfully or not. Results & Discussion. The results demonstrated that eye-movement features can be used to classify and predict a pilot's landing performance with an accuracy of 77.02%. PCPD and PFC on PFD are more crucial for performance classification out of the four features. Conclusion. It is practical to classify and predict pilot performance using eye-tracking technologies. The high importance of PCPD and PFC on PFD indicates that there is a correlation between pilots’ workload and attention distribution and performance, which has important implications for future predictive and analytical research on performance. The prediction of performance using eye tracking suggests that pilot status monitoring has a useful application in flight deck design.Item Open Access Touchscreen Inspector in Future Flight Deck Design(Cranfield University, 2023-01-17 09:16) Li, Wen-Chin; Wang, Yifan; Korek, Wojciech; Braithwaite, GrahamFifty-one participants were invited to conduct two scenarios which consisted of landing with disturbance (LD) and landing no disturbance (LN) using three inceptors, including sidestick, gamepad and touchscreen on the FSS. Both the system usability scale (SUS) and situation awareness rating technique (SART-10D) were completed by participants at the end of each trial. Therefore, two-way repeated measure ANOVA was applied to analyse participants€™ ratings on SUS for system usability involving two sub-dimensions: usability (SUS-U) and learnability (SUS-L), and SART-10D for situation awareness including three sub-dimensions: demand (SART-D), supply (SART-S) and understanding (SART-U) while interacting with a touchscreen as inceptor for flight control. The inceptors and scenarios are two independent variables, both SUS and SART, and their sub-dimensions were dependent variables.