Browsing by Author "Kang, Le"
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Item Open Access Data supporting: 'MDAO method and optimum designs of hybrid-electric civil airliners'(Cranfield University, 2022-09-05 10:00) Kang, LeThe data is ready to be shared with readers who read the paper 'MDAO method and optimum designs of hybrid-electric civil airliners', which is published on the 'Journal of Aerospace Engineering'. The data includes validation information as well as case study data in this paper. The paper introduced a design environment appropriate to hybrid-electric civil airliners.Item Open Access The effects of the degree of hybridisation on the design of hybrid-electric aircraft considering the balance between energy efficiency and mass penalty(MDPI, 2023-01-23) Kang, Le; Sun, Yicheng; Smith, Howard; Mao, JunkuiThe growing interest in the application of the hybrid-electric concept demands a rigorous method applied to balancing the energy efficiency improvement with the mass penalty. In hybrid-electric aircraft (HEA) design, it is necessary to avoid excessive usage of energy, which is caused by deliberate hybridising in pursuit of high electrical energy conversion efficiency. This paper presents a design method to achieve multi-objective designs conducted within a framework of multi-disciplinary design exploration appropriate for HEA, meeting the requirement of minimising the maximum take-off mass (MTOM) and fuel saving. A theoretical analysis proposes the existence of the optimum design area of HEA. This is followed by a series of demand-focused numerical design experiments that have verified the existence and position of the optimum design area by taking the mission of a short-range narrow-body airliner as the design target, considering the predicted technology timeline until 2050. Compared to a fuel-powered twin-turbofan aircraft, 65.56% fuel-saving, 16.4% reduction in flight operation cost, 44.58% reduction in block CO2emission, and 75% improvement in the cost-specific air range (COSAR) are achieved via hybridisation using the proposed design optimisation method.Item Open Access MDAO method and optimum designs of hybrid-electric civil airliners(American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022-03-17) Kang, Le; Sun, Yicheng; Smith, HowardHybrid-electric civil airliners (HECAs) are considered the forerunner of the solution of relieving aviation emissions. This paper presents a multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDAO) framework named GENUS, which has been extended to design HECAs. GENUS is a modular, expandable, and flexible design environment with 10 integrated modules for HECA design. Key extensions included hybrid-electric propulsion architectures (HEPAs), the corresponding powertrains, and power management strategies (PMS). In addition, a cost module and an aviation emission tracking function were developed and integrated into GENUS. GENUS was validated for investigating the design of HECAs by evaluating existing HECA concepts. Furthermore, three conventional turbofans were hybridized within GENUS to analyze the sensitivity of the performance of engines to the degree of hybridization (DoH) of power. The effects of hybridized engines on aircraft design were evaluated based on Boeing 737, demonstrating that at least 27.18% fuel saving, 9.97% energy saving, 12.40% cost saving, and 43.56% aviation emissions migration can be achieved. Finally, the potential directions of applying GENUS to explore the design space of HECA was discussed, which is useful to maximize the benefits of HECA.