Browsing by Author "Holman, Ian"
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Item Open Access Climate change adaptation attributes across scales and inter-institutional networks: insights from national and state level water management institutions in India(Springer, 2024-08-03) Azhoni, Adani; Holman, Ian; Jude, SimonEffective climate change adaptation requires cohesive inter-institutional networks across different scales, facilitating the sharing of data, information, knowledge, and practices. However, the impact of adaptation attributes across scales is poorly understood due to limited focus on these networks. Based on interviews with 26 institutions operating at the national level (ION) in India and 26 institutions operating within a state (Himachal Pradesh) (IOS), this study analysed adaptation attributes and the inter-institutional networks across the two scales to understand its implications at different scales. IONs have a greater capacity (compared to IOS) to frame guidelines, standards and regulations for practitioners along with better accessibility to resources and information. When coupled with bridging institutions, this can enhance adaptive capacities at other scales. Conversely, learnings from low regret adaptive measures being implemented by IOS are opportunities for informing national policy strategies. While national adaptation strategies and goals can inspire adaptation at lower scales, the currently fragmented inter-institutional network in India reduces the passage and accessibility of data and information, creating a bottleneck for the smooth devolution of adaptation attributes. Recruitment and deployment practices for water officials further entrench silo attitudes, impeding essential data accessibility. Adaptation needs comprehensive networks across vertical, horizontal, and diagonal institutional connections to improve climate risk perception and strategy implementation. Policy measures should consider socio-institutional factors beyond legislative prescriptions.Item Open Access Coping with drought and water scarcity: lessons for the agricultural sector(Cranfield University, 2021-10-15 09:33) Holman, Ian; Knox, Jerry; Hess, Tim; McEwen, Lindsey; Salmoral Portillo, Gloria; Rey Vicario, Dolores; Hannaford, Jamie; Grove, Ivan; Thompson, Jill; Quinn, NevilThis report, an output from the UKRI-funded Drought and Water Scarcity Programme, synthesis the insights for the agricultural sector. It considers how drought and water scarcity affect different types of agriculture; whether we can forecast drought and its impacts and how drought and water scarcity impacts on agriculture be reduced?Item Open Access Data supporting 'Non-stationary control of the NAO on European rainfall and its implications for water resource management'(Cranfield University, 2023-02-10 17:32) Rust, Will; Holman, Ian; Corstanje, Ronald; Cuthbert, Mark; P. Bloomfield, John10-year window rolling correlation between NAOI and GPCC gridded rainfall data for Western Europe. Grid cells between -13-20° Longitude and 35-70° Latitude were used to represent Western Europe.Item Open Access Data supporting: 'The importance of non-stationary multiannual periodicities in the North Atlantic Oscillation index for forecasting water resource drought'(Cranfield University, 2022-09-01 16:58) Rust, Will; Holman, Ian; P. Bloomfield, John; Cuthbert, Mark1- 157 x 136 matrix containing calculated drought series for each 136 GWL records over 157 years. NAs present where no GWL record present. Drought threshold method used after Peters et al, 2003.2 - 139 x 767 matrix containing calculated streamflow drought series for 767 streamflow gauges over 139 years. Value represents Boolean of whether a drought occurred in calendar year.3 - 201 x 157 x 136 array of cross-wavelet transform pval results between 136 groundwater level records over 157 years at 201 frequency intervals. NA values present where no values recorded in original GWL series.4 - 201 x 157 x 767 array of cross-wavelet transform pval results between 767 streamflow records over 157 years at 201 frequency intervals. NA values present where no values recorded in original GWL series.5 - 201 x 157 x 136 array of cross-wavelet transform power results between 136 groundwater level records over 157 years at 201 frequency intervals. NA values present where no values recorded in original GWL series.6 - 5 - 201 x 157 x 767 array of cross-wavelet transform power results between 767 streamflow records over 157 years at 201 frequency intervals. NA values present where no values recorded in original GWL series.7 - 157 x 136 matrix containing phase difference values between the NAO and 136 groundwater level records over 157 year time period. Phase difference for the 7.5 year periodicity.8 - 157 x 767 matrix containing phase difference values between the NAO and 767 streamflow records over 157 year time period. Phase difference for the 7.5 year periodicity.Item Open Access Data underpinning research article 'Sand dam contributions to year-round water security monitored through remotely sensed handpump data'(Cranfield University, 2022-12-01 15:20) Nicola Grace Ritchie, Hannah; Holman, Ian; Parker, Alison; Chan, JoannaThe repository contains an hourly abstraction data set collected from 26 sand dam hand pumps in Makueni and Machakos, Kenya via remote sensing, using Water Point Data Transmitters (WDT). The WDT were attached to the handles of the hand pumps in April 2019, and transmit abstraction via an SMS message, generated according to the number of times that the pump is used in an hour. The data set includes date, time, pump location, population size, and variables related to each sand dam (including, size, average distance to reach pump, and livestock usage). The variables are present in their raw form and also in their grouped form, which were used for the modelling in this study. The data was provided by Sand Dams Worldwide and has been approved for publication. The repository also contains an interview data set collected by Joanna Chan (MSc) in 2019 in Makueni and Machakos, Kenya. The interview data was collected at 30 sand dam sites. The data contains questions centred on water use behiours. This data was grouped to provide the variable data present in the abstraction data set. The repository contains an hourly abstraction data set collected from 26 sand dam hand pumps in Makueni and Machakos, Kenya via remote sensing, using Water Point Data Transmitters (WDT). The WDT were attached to the handles of the hand pumps in April 2019, and transmit abstraction via an SMS message, generated according to the number of times that the pump is used in an hour. The data set includes date, time, pump location, population size, and variables related to each sand dam (including, size, average distance to reach pump, and livestock usage). The variables are present in their raw form and also in their grouped form, which were used for the modelling in this study. The data was provided by Sand Dams Worldwide and has been approved for publication. The repository also contains an interview data set collected by Joanna Chan (MSc) in 2019 in Makueni and Machakos, Kenya. The interview data was collected at 30 sand dam sites. The data contains questions centred on water use behiours. This data was grouped to provide the variable data present in the abstraction data set.Item Open Access Data: Catchment and Climatic Influences on Spatio-Temporal Variations in Suspended Sediment Transport Dynamics in Rivers(Cranfield University, 2023-08-08 18:01) hun Shin, Jae; Grabowski, Robert; Holman, IanThe excel file contains calculation results of Suspended sediment (SS) dynamics indicators using 3day Kalman interpolation incl. seasonal indicators at 120 selected sites. The file also contains site attribution data used in the model obtained from USGS. The coordinates are gauging stations.Item Open Access Data: Indicators of Suspended Sediment Transport Dynamics in Rivers(Cranfield University, 2023-07-26 11:26) hun Shin, Jae; Grabowski, Robert; Holman, IanThe dataset contains SS dynamics indicator calculation results for contiental USA, Honolulu and Puerto Rico. The indicators represent magnitude, frequency and timing. This secondary data has been created without gap filling.Item Open Access DRisk annual maximum potential soil moisture deficit (1900-2006) derived using MaRIUS large dataset(Cranfield University, 2018-07-12 11:27) Holman, Ian; Knox, Jerry; Haro, DavidOne set of 100 time series (as CSV) of annual maximum potential soil moisture deficit (PSMDmax) for 1900-2006 by a rotated longitude-latitude grid at a 0.22 degree resolution (European CORDEX grid) over a domain encompassing the United Kingdom. Driving variables are monthly precipitation and reference evapotranspiration (from HadRM3P, the regional climate model within weather@home2) created within the MaRIUS project (Managing the Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties of drought and water Scarcity), which are available for download from http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/0cea8d7aca57427fae92241348ae9b03Item Open Access Evaluation of changing surface water abstraction reliability for supplemental irrigation under climate change(Cranfield University, 2018-05-29 16:58) Rio, Marlène; Rey Vicario, Dolores; Prudhomme, Christel; Holman, IanThis dataset contains the data associated with the paper "Evaluation of changing surface water abstraction reliability for supplemental irrigation under climate change", published in Agricultural Water ManagementItem Open Access Historic droughts and irrigated agriculture - Interviews with growers in the Anglian region (UK)(Cranfield University, 2018-07-31 14:08) Rey Vicario, Dolores; Holman, Ian; Knox, JerryThis dataset contains the transcripts of interviews with irrigators in the Anglian region (UK) carried out between February 2015 and March 2016. A total of 15 growers participated in this study (nine face-to-face and six by phone). The interviews were recorded, transcribed and carefully anonymised. Each file contains the transcripts of one interview with a grower. On the front page there is information regarding the name of the interviewers, the date and the region (NUTS3) where the farm is located. Then, the whole interview transcript is available. Only those details that could lead to the identification of the participant or any confidential comment (as stated by the participant during the interview) have been removed.Item Open Access HySim inputs and outputs for Beas catchment(Cranfield University, 2018-08-15 14:53) Holman, IanSupporting data for 'Effect of Baseline Snow-Pack Assumptions in the HySIM Model in Predicting Future Hydrological Behavior of a Himalayan Catchment' by Renji Remesan, Sazeda Begam and Ian Holman In Press in Hydrological Research.Two sets of files are provided:1) HySim baseline input files of daily temperature (.tpt), daily potential evapotranspiration (.dpe), daily catchment average rainfall (.crf), daily recorded mean discharge (.dfl) and model parameters (.par) 2) csv files of HySim daily simulated discharge at the catchment outlet for the two model assumptions (1 and 2) and two scenarios (medium and long term) for different annual temperature and precipitation change factors. Together with a synthesis file of the Q10 and Q90 outputs used to derive the paper's Impact Response Surface plotsItem Open Access Impacts of 2018 drought on agriculture in the UK - Interview responses(Cranfield University, 2021-01-04 09:08) Hess, Tim; Holman, Ian; Knox,JerrySummarised responses from interviewees on the impacts of drought in 2018 on agriculture and potential strategies for mitigation. The responses have been anonymised and and information that could be used to identify individuals of businesses has been redacted.Item Open Access Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case‐studies(2018-05-12) Hamidov, Ahmad; Helming, Katharina; Bellocchi, Gianni; Bojar, Waldemar; Dalgaard, Tommy; Bahadur Ghaley, Bhim; Hoffmann, Christian; Holman, Ian; Holzkämper, Annelie; Krzeminska, Dominika; Kværnø, Sigrun H.; Lehtonen, Heikki; Niedrist, Georg; Øygarden, Lillian; Reidsma, Pytrik; Roggero, Pier Paolo; Rusu, Teodor; Santos, Cristina; Seddaiu, Giovanna; Skarbøvik, Eva; Ventrella, Domenico; Żarski, Jacek; Schönhart, MartinSoils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case‐studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.Item Open Access Insights from electrical resistivity tomography on the hydrogeological interaction between sand dams and the weathered basement aquifer(Elsevier, 2024-11-01) Ritchie, Hannah; Holman, Ian; Nyangoka, Justus; Bauman, Paul; Parker, AlisonSand dams, composed of recent alluvial aquifers behind concrete dam walls, are a water management technique in drylands. However, their level of hydraulic connectivity with their surrounding weathered basement aquifer is debated. This study aims to constrain this hydrogeological uncertainty in order to better understand their ability to meet water needs and improve dryland water security. The study is the first to use 2D geophysics (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) to provide evidence of seepage from sand dams at three mature and three newly built sites. A generally greater hydraulic connectivity was found between sand dams and their surrounding aquifer than has been assumed in some previous studies, with sites providing at least some local recharge rather than existing as isolated storage structures. This improved understanding is beneficial for both site selection and the performance of sand dams and can help ensure that maximum benefits are derived from the construction of a sand dam depending on its intended purpose.Item Open Access Long-range hydrological drought forecasting using multi-year cycles in the North Atlantic Oscillation(Elsevier, 2024-09) Rust, William; Bloomfield, John P.; Holman, IanWith global temperatures, populations and ecological stressors expected to rise, hydrological droughts are projected to have progressively severe economic and environmental impacts. As a result, hydrological drought forecasting systems have become increasingly important water resource management tools for mitigating these impacts. However, high frequency behaviours in meteorological or atmospheric conditions often limit the lead times of hydrological drought forecasts to seasonal timescales, either through poorer performance of multi-year meteorological forecasts or the lack of multi-year lags in atmosphere-hydrology systems. By contrast, low frequency behaviours in regionally important teleconnection systems (such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) offer a novel way to forecast hydrological drought at longer lead times. This paper shows that, by using a data-driven modelling approach, long-term behaviours within the NAO can be skilful predictors of hydrological drought conditions at a four-year forecasting horizon. Multi-year semi-periodic patterns in the NAO were used to forecast regional groundwater drought coverage in the UK (proportion of groundwater boreholes in drought), with the greatest forecast performance achieved for longer duration droughts, and for hydrogeological regions with longer response times. Model errors vary from 14 % (proportion of boreholes, (MAE)) in flashy hydrological regions or short droughts (<3 months), to 2 % for longer duration droughts (>8 months). Model fits of r2 up to 0.8 were produced between simulated and recorded regional drought coverage. As such our results show that teleconnection indices can be a skilful predictor of hydrological drought dynamics at multi-year timescales, opening new opportunities for long-lead groundwater drought forecasts to be integrated within existing drought management strategies in Europe and beyond.Item Open Access Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) tool for soft fruit production in polytunnels(Cranfield University, 2021-07-30 16:47) Knox, Jerry; Panigrahi, Niranjan; Hess, Tim; Holman, IanWorking with growers and key stakeholders in Kent, and with funding from Kent County Council, researchers from Cranfield University have designed and developed a simple Microsoft Excel-based tool to help soft fruit growers and farm business advisors evaluate the hydrological performance and water storage effectiveness of RWH systems to support decision making regarding their viability for protected cropping. The tool was designed to be simple and intuitive to use and requires only a very limited set of farm level input data. The outputs include the MS excel RWH tool and a Guidance manual for end users.Item Open Access Stakeholder perceptions of drought resilience using government drought compensation in Thailand(Elsevier, 2025-04-15) Chengot, Rishma; Goodwin, Daniel; Tanguy, Maliko; Armitage, Rachael; Pardthaisong, Liwa; Jha, Srinidhi; Holman, Ian; Rey Vicario, Dolores; Visessri, Supattra; Ekkawatpanit, Chaiwat; Hannaford, JamieIn the context of escalating climate challenges in Southeast Asia, this study investigates the dynamics of disaster budget allocation in Thailand and examines farmers' perceptions of drought compensation, focusing on the Ping catchment situated in the Northwest of the country. The main objective of the study was to gauge stakeholders' awareness and views on government drought compensation and evaluate its effectiveness. Using government budget data, drought indicators, and a comprehensive survey in Chiang Mai and Tak provinces, the study explores correlations between budget allocation, drought indicators, and farmers' experiences. A correlation analysis unveils stronger links between compensation and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) as compared to Drought Severity Index (DSI), with regional variations and the impact of irrigation practices. Compensation shows positive correlations with drought severity, suggesting support to farmers occurs when they suffer severe crop damage. We investigate drought occurrences and their impacts along with farmer's awareness and experiences of drought compensation schemes to uncover disparities in awareness, application rates, and satisfaction levels, providing insights into farmers' views on compensation effectiveness. The study concludes by proposing policy adjustments, tailored regional approaches, and feedback mechanisms to enhance the effectiveness of drought compensation strategies. Despite limitations in sample size and potential biases, this study contributes valuable insights into the complex dynamics of disaster budget allocation, drought compensation, and farmers' perspectives in Thailand, laying a foundation for refining policies and fostering sustainable agricultural practices amidst increasing climate challenges.Item Open Access Strengthening Thailand's Agricultural drought Resilience -Questionnaire and Dataset(Cranfield University, 2021-09-01 13:43) Goodwin, Daniel; Holman, Ian; Sutcliffe, Chloe; Rey Vicario, DoloresRecords of interviews with farmers in the Ping Catchment, Thailand as part of the STAR project. Interviews were undertaken in January 2020. A copy of the questionnaire is also provided.Item Open Access SusHi-Wat - Monthly maps of snow cover(Cranfield University, 2018-02-06 09:13) Snapir, Boris; Waine, Toby; Momblanch Benavent, Andrea; Holman, IanThese data were generated for the project Sustaining Himalayan Water Resources in a Changing Climate (SusHi-Wat), which aims at improving our understanding on how water is stored in, and moves through, a Himalayan river system in northern India. The data set contains a list of images (GeoTIFF format) corresponding to monthly maps of dry snow and wet snow for a Himalayan river basin. The maps were obtained by combining satellite remote sensing data from Sentinel-1 and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The image resolution is about 500m. The coordinate system is EPSG:4326 The possible pixel values are: 0: no snow 1-100: wet snow cover fraction 101-200: dry snow cover fraction with an offset of 100 240: missing Sentinel-1 data 250: pixel wrongly identified as wet snow by sentinel-1 (false positives) 255: fill valueItem Open Access SusHi-Wat: Output of Beas-Sutlej basins systems model(Cranfield University, 2018-11-28 11:43) Momblanch Benavent, Andrea; Holman, Ian; Papadimitriou, Lamprini; K. Jain, Sanjay; Kulkarni, Anil; SP Ojha, Chandra; J Adeloye, AdebayoThis work has been developed under the project 'Sustaining Himalayan Water Resources in a Changing Climate' (SusHi-Wat), which aims at improving understanding of how water is stored in, and moves through, a Himalayan river system in northern India (the inter-linked Beas and Sutlej catchments) and develop and test a robust model of the whole system that can be used to inform current and future decision making to support the sustainable development and management of the region's water resources.The dataset contains the monthly time series of selected output of a water resource systems model built with the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) software for the Beas and Sutlej basins, under different climate and socio-economic scenarios. It was used to derive the results presented in the paper "Untangling the water-food-energy-environment nexus for global change adaptation in a complex Himalayan water resource system", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.045.Detailed description of the files:'0.Runoff summary.xlsx' - Monthly time series of the total runoff generated upstream Pong and Bhakra reservoirs for the baseline scenario and two climate change scenarios. The column headings correspond to different sub-basins and elevation bands as described in the corresponding paper.'1.WEAP results_Baseline.xlsx'; '1.WEAP results_CC3&SSP1.xlsx'; '2.WEAP results_CC3&SSP2.xlsx'; '3.WEAP results_CC3&SSP5.xlsx'; '4.WEAP results_CC7&SSP1.xlsx'; '5.WEAP results_CC7&SSP2.xlsx'; '6.WEAP results_CC7&SSP5.xlsx' - Monthly time series of several WEAP outputs under different climate and socio-economic change scenarios, i.e. urban demand supply coverage, irrigation demand supply coverage, hydropower energy production, water stored in reservoirs, river flows downstream Pandoh dam, glacier depth, total runoff, snow melt runoff, ice melt runoff, actual evapotranspiration. The column headings correspond to water demands, management infrastructures and sub-basins and elevation bands as described in the corresponding paper.