Browsing by Author "Hafyan, Rendra Hakim"

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    Bread waste valorization: a review of sustainability aspects and challenges
    (Frontiers, 2024-02-05) Hafyan, Rendra Hakim; Mohanarajan, Jasmithaa; Uppal, Manaal; Kumar, Vinod; Narisetty, Vivek; Maity, Sunil K.; Sadhukhan, Jhuma; Gadkari, Siddharth
    Bread waste (BW) poses a significant environmental and economic challenge in the United Kingdom (UK), where an estimated 20 million slices of bread are wasted daily. BW contains polysaccharides with great potential for its valorization into building block chemicals. While BW valorization holds tremendous promise, it is an emerging field with low technology readiness levels (TRLs), necessitating careful consideration of sustainability and commercial-scale utilization. This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability aspects of BW valorization, encompassing economic, environmental, and social factors. The primary objective of this review article is to enhance our understanding of the potential benefits and challenges associated with this approach. Incorporating circular bioeconomy principles into BW valorization is crucial for addressing global issues stemming from food waste and environmental degradation. The review investigates the role of BW-based biorefineries in promoting the circular bioeconomy concept. This study concludes by discussing the challenges and opportunities of BW valorization and waste reduction, along with proposing potential strategies to tackle these challenges.
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    A comparative techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse and bread waste
    (Elsevier, 2025-05-15) Hafyan, Rendra Hakim; Sadhukhan, Jhuma; Kumar, Vinod; Maity, Sunil K.; Gadkari, Siddharth
    An increase in the emphasis on sustainable energy solutions underscores a vital need for hydrogen as a clean, decarbonizing, and efficient energy carrier. This necessity is driving extensive research into alternative feedstocks for hydrogen production. Promising resources like sugarcane bagasse and bread waste, valued for their abundance and high sugar content, can be a promising feedstock for hydrogen. Processes, such as steam reforming of ethanol and aqueous-phase reforming of xylitol, effectively utilize sugarcane bagasse and bread waste to produce hydrogen, supporting a circular bioeconomy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This study aims to investigate the process design and techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse and bread waste. Results show that sugarcane bagasse-based feedstock requires higher capital investment and annual operational costs, at 68.3 M$ and 24.3 M$ per year compared to bread waste-based feedstock, which involves 49.8 M$ and 18.74 M$ per year, respectively. Profitability analysis indicated that bread waste-based hydrogen production was more economically viable, with a higher net present value of 36.45 M$ and a higher internal rate of return of 17 %, along with a payback period of 11 years. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the selling price of hydrogen and fixed capital investment were the most influential parameters affecting the net present value. These findings highlight the economic advantages of utilizing bread waste over sugarcane bagasse, suggesting that bread waste is a more cost-effective and sustainable option for hydrogen production. By prioritizing bread waste as a feedstock, it is possible to achieve significant economic benefits, making it a strategic choice for future hydrogen production initiatives and advancing renewable energy technologies.
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    Integrated biorefinery for bioethanol and succinic acid co-production from bread waste: techno-economic feasibility and life cycle assessment
    (Elsevier, 2024-02-01) Hafyan, Rendra Hakim; Mohanarajan, Jasmithaa; Uppal, Manaal; Kumar, Vinod; Narisetty, Vivek; Maity, Sunil K.; Sadhukhan, Jhuma; Gadkari, Siddharth
    In this study, an advanced decarbonization approach is presented for an integrated biorefinery that co-produces bioethanol and succinic acid (SA) from bread waste (BW). The economic viability and the environmental performance of the proposed BW processing biorefinery is evaluated. Four distinctive scenarios were designed and analysed, focusing on a plant capacity that processes 100 metric tons (MT) of BW daily. These scenarios encompass: (1) the fermentation of BW into bioethanol, paired with heat and electricity co-generation from stillage, (2) an energy-optimized integration of Scenario 1 using pinch technology, (3) the co-production of bioethanol and SA by exclusively utilizing fermentative CO2, and (4) an advanced version of Scenario 3 that incorporates carbon capture (CC) from flue gas, amplifying SA production. Scenarios 3 and 4 were found to be economically more attractive with better environmental performance due to the co-production of SA. Particularly, Scenario 4 emerged as superior, showcasing a payback period of 2.2 years, a robust internal rate of return (33% after tax), a return on investment of 32%, and a remarkable net present value of 163 M$. Sensitivity analysis underscored the decisive influence of fixed capital investment and product pricing on economic outcomes. In terms of environmental impact, Scenario 4 outperformed other scenarios across all impact categories, where global warming potential, abiotic depletion (fossil fuels), and human toxicity potential were the most influential impact categories (−0.344 kg CO2-eq, −16.2 MJ, and −0.3 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DB)-eq, respectively). Evidently, the integration of CC unit to flue gas in Scenario 4 substantially enhances both economic returns and environmental sustainability of the biorefinery.