Browsing by Author "Ganguly, Supriyo"
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Item Open Access Additive techniques to refurbish Ni based components(Associação Brasileira de Soldagem, 2019-05-09) Cardozo, Eloisa Pereira; Rodrigues Pardal, Gonçalo; Ríos, Sergio; Ganguly, Supriyo; D’Oliveira, Ana Sofia C. M.The attractiveness of additive techniques to refurbish worn components requires the availability of data from different process. This study correlates two additive techniques, Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA – AM) and Direct Laser Deposition (DLD), using IN 625 wire. Specific features of each technique are discussed regarding their potential use to recover geometry and properties of worn components. Multilayers were processed with each technique on a section of a blade and the interaction between materials together with the effect of post deposition heat treatment were characterized. Results show that there are differences in the final microstructure and in the interaction with the part being refurbished imposed by the additive technique used. Competitive changes can be made by changing the feedstock. PTA-AM using powder material exhibits a microstructure that approaches that obtained in DLD using wire.Item Open Access Analysis of fracture toughness properties of wire + arc additive manufactured high strength low alloy structural steel components(Elsevier, 2020-08-14) Dirisu, Philip; Ganguly, Supriyo; Mehmanparast, Ali; Martina, Filomeno; Williams, Stewart W.The uncertainty surrounding the fracture behaviour of CMT-WAAM deposited steel, in terms of crack tip condition (J and CTOD) needed to cause crack tip extension, has made this manufacturing technique unpopular to date. Fracture toughness parameters are crucial in the structural integrity assessment of components and structures in various industries for assessing the suitability of a manufacturing process and material. In the offshore wind industry, the EN-GJS-400-18-LT ductile cast grade for the mainframe and hub has lower fracture toughness resistance for its high strength grade. Its high weight level affects the Eigen frequency of the tower and imposes high installation cost incurred from heavy lifting equipment usage. Poor fracture toughness is currently a challenge for wind turbine manufacturers in the quest for a cleaner and cheaper energy in the form of offshore wind. In this study, CMT-WAAM is used in depositing steel components with an oscillatory and single pass deposition strategy. The effects of microstructural variation, as a result of layer by layer deposition and the layer band spacing, on the fracture resistance in the build and welding direction was shown here. The fracture mechanics and failure mode of the WAAM deposited parts were investigated. The microstructural variation, again as a result of the layer by layer deposition and the layer band spacing, are the key parameters that control the fracture toughness of WAAM steel. Anisotropic behaviour in the values was observed between both fracture orientations. The constructive transformation mechanism of the WAAM oscillatory process made way for intragranular nucleation of acicular ferrite on the Ti containing inclusion, thereby improving the toughness of the ER70S-6 deposit with a unique microstructure and Jq value of 640kJ/m2.Item Open Access Application of laser in seam welding of dissimilar steel to aluminium joints for thick structural components(Elsevier, 2015-04-01) Martins Meco, Sonia Andreia; Rodrigues Pardal, Gonçalo; Ganguly, Supriyo; Williams, Stewart W.; McPherson, NormanLaser welding-brazing technique, using a continuous wave (CW) fibre laser with 8000 W of maximum power, was applied in conduction mode to join 2 mm thick steel (XF350) to 6 mm thick aluminium (AA5083-H22), in a lap joint configuration with steel on the top. The steel surface was irradiated by the laser and the heat was conducted through the steel plate to the steel-aluminium interface, where the aluminium melts and wets the steel surface. The welded samples were defect free and the weld micrographs revealed presence of a brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer resulting from reaction of Fe and Al atoms. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated the stoichiometry of the IMC as Fe2Al5 and FeAl3, the former with maximum microhardness measured of 1145 HV 0.025/10. The IMC layer thickness varied between 4 to 21 μm depending upon the laser processing parameters. The IMC layer showed an exponential growth pattern with the applied specific point energy (Esp) at a constant power density (PD). Higher PD values accelerate the IMC layer growth. The mechanical shear strength showed a narrow band of variation in all the samples (with the maximum value registered at 31.3 kN), with a marginal increase in the applied Esp. This could be explained by the fact that increasing the Esp results into an increase in the wetting and thereby the bonded area in the steel-aluminium interface.Item Open Access Application of local mechanical tensioning and laser processing to improve structural integrity of multi-pass welds(Cranfield University, 2015-07) Sule, Jibrin; Ganguly, SupriyoMulti-pass fusion welding by a filler wire (welding electrode) is normally carried out to join thick steel sections used in most engineering applications. Welded joints in an installation, is the area of critical importance, since they are likely to contain a higher density of defects than the parent metal and their physical properties can differ significantly from the parent metal. Fusion arc welding process relies on intense local heating at a joint where a certain amount of the parent metal is melted and fused with additional metal from the filler wire. The intense local heating causes severe transient thermal gradients in the welded component and the resulting uneven cooling that follows produces a variably distributed residual stress field. In multi-pass welds, multiple thermal cycles resulted in a variably distribution of residual stress field across the weld and through the thickness. These complex thermal stresses generated in welds are undesirable but inevitable during fusion welding. Presence of such tensile residual stresses can be detrimental to the service integrity of a welded structure. In addition to a complex distribution of residual stress state, multi-pass welds also forms dendritic grain structure, which are repeatedly heated, resulting in segregation of alloying elements. Dendritic grain structure is weaker and segregation of alloying elements would result in formation of corrosion microcells as well as reduction in overall corrosion prevention due to depletion of alloying elements.Item Open Access Application of local mechanical tensioning and laser processing to refine microstructure and modify residual stress state of a multi-pass 304L austenitic steels welds(Elsevier, 2015-03-03) Sule, Jibrin; Ganguly, Supriyo; Coules, Harry E.; Pirling, ThiloAISI Type 304L austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in industries, and welding is an indispensable tool used for joining these materials. In a multi-pass weld, the development of residual stress to a large extent depends on the response of the weld metal, heat affected zone and parent material to complex thermo-mechanical cycles during welding. Earlier researchers on this area used either mechanical tensioning or heat treatment to modify the residual stress distribution in and around the weld. In this research, microstructural refinement with modification of residual stress state was attempted by using high pressure cold rolling followed by laser processing in 12 mm thick 304L austenitic stainless steels which is a novel technique. The hardening of the weld metal was evaluated after welding, post weld cold rolling, and post weld cold rolling followed by laser processing. The residual stress was determined non-destructively by using neutron diffraction. Residual stress analysis show that post weld cold rolling was effective in modifying the longitudinal residual stress distribution throughout the entire thickness. Post weld cold rolling followed by laser processing performed in this research was to induce recrystallization of the cold rolled grains. However, post weld cold rolling followed by laser processing showed minor grain refinement but was not effective as it reinstated the stress state.Item Open Access Application of mechanical surface treatments to improve fatigue crack growth life of aircraft fuselage materials(2018-06) Liu, Yao; Ganguly, SupriyoMechanical treatment for surface processing is a cost-effective tool and has the potential to improve the dynamic strength of a component or structure significantly through creation of a residual compressive stress state. This research is aimed to investigate mechanical surface processing treatments, e.g. deep surface rolling, machine hammer peening, in aircraft fuselage structural alloys to reduce fatigue crack growth rate and improve damage tolerance. The study also revealed that such processing could be used effectively to improve damage tolerance properties of such safety critical structures. However, optimisation of such processes is important as distortion from the processing would need to be minimised, to maximise the benefit from the residual compressive stress field. This thesis focuses on the application of deep surface rolling to understand the underpinning interaction between stress states and a long fatigue crack under a variably distributed residual stress field. Centre notch of 8 mm length were machined in Middle-tension M(T) specimens of 1.6 mm thickness 2024-T351 and 2524-T351 clad aluminium alloys. The M(T) specimens were locally rolled by a deep surface rolling process to create a spatially resolved compressive residual stress fields on both sides of the notch and under different loads. Prior to application of deep surface rolling on the M(T) specimens, the process was trialled on similar thickness specimens to ensure minimum distortion so that it can be applied on both the surfaces. The spatial position of the DSR patches with respect to the crack tip were varied to understand the interaction of the stress field on crack propagation and how the benefit of the process can be maximised. Following rolling of M(T) specimens, fatigue testing were performed at a stress ratio R = 0.1 and maximum stress of 100 MPa. A three-dimensional finite-element (FE) model of the DSR process was developed to predict the residual stress field and distortion. This model was validated with experimentally measured residual stress data and distortion. An analytical method based on experimental residual stress data, was developed to determine the residual stress intensity factor (Kres). The crack closure behaviour was taken account for the prediction of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). Despite formation of a compressive residual stress (CRS) field through the thickness below the DSR patch it was found that improvement of fatigue performance depends on the location of the patch with respect to the crack tip. It was observed that the rolling load parameters and distance from the crack tip are vital in the reduction of crack propagation behaviour. The former balances the stress field and distortion while the later determines the crack driving force, when the crack enters the compressive residual stress field, and a large distance between the crack tip and stress field will cause acceleration of the crack before it enters the compressive stress field. The analytical method of computing Kres was successfully contributed to the prediction of FCGR and showed good agreements with experiments. In a further study, the analytical method was used to calculate Kres by using the predicted residual stress field from FEA (finite element analysis). Based on the predicted Kres, the predicted FCGR showed a good agreement with experiments as well. The application of DSR to the metal fatigue enhancement is significantly effective and cost-effective. By optimising DSR process to intentionally treat the high possibility of fatigue damage region, the fatigue life can be significantly enhanced, resulting in improvement in damage tolerant design of aerospace structures or components.Item Open Access Assessment of fatigue crack growth resistance of newly developed LTT alloy composition for the repair of high strength steel structures(Elsevier, 2024-06-11) Igwemezie, Victor; Mehmanparast, Ali; Ganguly, SupriyoTensile residual stress (TRS) is a well-known factor that deteriorate the integrity of welded joints. Fatigue failure is accelerated by the existence of TRS introduced during the welding process. There have been efforts in the last two decades to develop filler alloys that can reduce TRS by introducing compressive residual stress (CRS) to oppose the TRS in high strength steel welded joints. These works are based on the theory of austenite (γ) to martensite (α’) transformation and the filler is often called a low transformation-temperature (LTT) alloy. Many studies have reported that the fatigue strength (FS) of weld joint made with LTT alloy is many times better than that of the conventional fillers. It is reported to be particularly useful in the repair of high strength steel structures. However, studies on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour of these LTT alloys is scarce. In this work, we developed Fe-CrNiMo based LTT weld metal composition, assessed its FCG behaviour and compared the results with that of a conventional welding wire (ER70S-6). It is found that ER70S-6 weld metal obtained under relatively fast cooling is extremely tough, but the associated heat affected zone (HAZ) has poor resistance to FCG which obscured the benefit of the tough weld metal. High heat input or condition that results to slow cooling of the ER70S-6 weldment deteriorates its resistance to FCG. Unfortunately, despite its low martensite start temperature of 231±7 and the anticipated beneficial effect of induced CRS, the LTT alloy studied had the lowest FCG resistance. The LTT alloy appears to have an intrinsic microstructural feature or a ‘fault line’ that reduced its resistance to FCG. While the LTT alloy weld metal has poor resistance to FCG, the associated HAZ resisted FCG more than the HAZ associated with ER70S-6 weld metal. It is observed that aligning the ER70S-6 weld metal perpendicular to the crack front produced the highest resistance to fatigue crack initiation and propagation. In the case of ER70S-6, it is believed that the weld metal induced a CRS at the notch tip which resulted to the high fatigue resistance. In the case of the LTT alloy, perpendicular alignment of the weld metal produced slight improvement.Item Open Access Assessment of mechanical and fatigue crack growth properties of wire+arc additively manufactured mild steel components(Wiley, 2022-07-20) Shamir, Muhammad; Igwemezie, Victor C.; Lotfian, Saeid; Jones, Rhys; Asif, Huzaifa; Ganguly, Supriyo; Mehmanparast, AliA study has been conducted to evaluate the mechanical and fatigue crack propagation properties of wire + arc additively manufactured ER70S-6 components. A parallel-built deposition strategy was employed to fabricate the additively manufactured wall. The hardness values were slightly higher at the bottom and top of the wall due to the presence of Widmanstätten ferrite and carbides. The characterization of mechanical properties in both orientations; parallel and perpendicular to the deposition direction showed a marginal difference in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The crack growth rates were correlated with linear elastic fracture mechanics parameter ΔK and compared with an oscillation-built deposition strategy from the literature. The crack growth rates of both deposition strategies were found to be very similar to each other. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the variability in the crack growth histories can be reasonably well captured by using the NASGRO crack growth equation.Item Open Access Characterisation of residual stress state and distortion in welded plates stress engineered by local mechanical tensioning(Transtec Publications; 1999, 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z) Ganguly, Supriyo; Wescott, A.; Nagy, T.; Colegrove, Paul A.; Williams, Stewart W.Local mechanical tensioning is one of the most efficient and industrially relevant stress engineering techniques to modify weld residual stress field and subsequently reduce buckling distortion. However, application of rolling load and its magnitude need to be optimised for an energy efficient rolling process. In the present study gas metal arc butt welded plates of low carbon mild steel were rolled by a dual roller in different rolling configuration (top and reverse side rolling) and with different magnitude of rolling load. All the plates were rolled post welding. Residual strain profiles of the post weld rolled plates were measured, using the SALSA strain scanner, and the inplane stress were characterized. Average distortion of the rolled plates was correlated with the residual stress state. Reverse rolling was found to be more effective in removing distortion while the stress profile did not show any significant reduction of the peak stress.Item Open Access Comparative study of evolution of residual stress state by local mechanical tensioning and laser processing of ferritic and austenitic structural steel welds.(Scientific & Academic Publishing Co., 2015-02-21) Sule, Jibrin; Ganguly, Supriyo; Coules, Harry E.; Pirling, T.Complex thermal stresses generated in welded structures are undesirable but inevitable in fusion welding. The presence of residual stresses can be detrimental to the integrity of a welded joint. In this research, redistribution of residual stress magnitude and profile was studied and compared in two multi-pass welded structural alloys (API X100 and 304L stainless steel) after cold rolling and laser processing. The residual stress field was studied by neutron diffraction using the SALSA strain scanner at their reactor neutron source at ILL, Grenoble. In addition to a complex distribution of residual stress state, multi-pass welds also forms dendritic grain structure, which are repeatedly heated, resulting in segregation of alloying elements. Dendritic grain structure is weaker and segregation of alloying elements may result in formation of corrosion microcells as well as reduction in overall corrosion prevention due to depletion of alloying elements in certain areas. The modification of as-welded residual stress state was done by cold rolling which was followed by laser processing to create a recrystallized microstructure to minimise segregation. The main objective of this study is to understand the suitability of this novel manufacturing technique to create a stress free weldment with recrystallised grain structure. Hardness evolution in the welded structures was scanned following welding, post weld cold rolling and cold rolling followed by laser processing. Hardness distribution in both the structural alloys showed a significant evidence of plastic deformation near the cap pass of the weld metal. Residual stress redistribution was observed up to 4 mm from the capping pass for ferritic steel, while in austenitic steel weld, post weld cold rolling was effective in modifying the residual stress redistribution throughout the entire thickness. Laser processing in both cases reinstated the as-welded residual stress distribution and resulted in softening of the strained area.Item Open Access Comparison of continuous and pulsed wave lasers in keyhole welding of stainless‑steel to aluminium(Springer, 2021-10-31) Coroado, Julio; Ganguly, Supriyo; Williams, Stewart; Suder, Wojciech; Meco, Sonia; Pardal, GoncaloA continuous wave (CW) and a nanosecond pulsed wave (PW) lasers were used to join 1-mm thick sheets of SS304L (SS) austenitic stainless-steel to AA5251 (Al) aluminium alloy in an overlap joint configuration. The weld shape (penetration depth and width), intermetallic compounds concentration, weld quality (cracking and porosity) and mechanical strength were correlated with the process energy and compared between each laser temporal mode. Successful CW joints were produced with the SS sheet on top of the Al, but the opposite configuration revealed to be impossible for the range of parameters tested. The PW joints were successful with the Al sheet on top of SS, but all the joints cracked at the interface when the opposite configuration was used. The mechanical tests showed that even though it is possible to achieve higher tensile shear load in CW welds due to the larger bonding area, the tensile shear strength revealed to be almost 5 × higher for PW welds at similar applied energy.Item Open Access Comparison of joining efficiency and residual stresses in laser and laser hybrid welding(2011-04-01T00:00:00Z) Suder, Wojciech; Ganguly, Supriyo; Williams, Stewart W.; Paradowska, A. M.; Colegrove, Paul A.Laser welding is a high energy density process, which can produce welds with less energy input and thereby lower residual stress generation compared to arc welding processes. However, the narrow beam dimension makes it extremely sensitive in terms of fit up tolerance. This causes a problem in achieving high quality welds. Laser with arc hybrid process overcomes such issues. In this paper, longitudinal residual strains were compared for autogenous laser welding and laser/TIG hybrid processes. Joining efficiency, which is defined by the penetration depth achieved per unit of energy input, was correlated with the residual strain generation. It has been shown that to achieve a specific penetration depth, there is an optimum welding condition for each of the welding processes, which will give minimum tensile residual stress generation. The results imply that for the same penetration depth, hybrid process resulted in similar to 50% higher tensile longitudinal domain compared to autogenous laser.Item Open Access Conduction mode: broadening the range of applications for laser welding(2012-11-14) Assuncao, D. E.; Ganguly, Supriyo; Yapp, David; Williams, Stewart W.; Mustafa, KocakConduction laser welding opens up a range of innovative applications for laser welding. This relatively novel mode of laser processing expands the application potential significantly beyond what is normally achieved today. The main reason for this could be attributed to the different characteristics of conduction process when compared to keyhole laser welding. An example is the higher stability of conduction which results in welds of higher quality and better control of the welding process. Despite the advantages of conduction laser welding, it is yet to be exploited significantly for industrial applications and there are very few applications for which this mode of operation is used. This paper is aimed at presenting different varieties of applications for conduction laser welding using a fibre laser. This ranges from high quality aluminium welds to laser brazing of stainless steel to metal foams. The objective of this paper is to highlight the main features of conduction laser welding process and exemplify some conduction laser welding applications.Item Open Access Control of residual stress and distortion in aluminium wire + arc additive manufacture with rolling(Elsevier, 2018-06-25) Honnige, Jan; Colegrove, Paul A.; Ganguly, Supriyo; Eimer, Eloise; Kabra, S.; Williams, Stewart W.The aluminium alloy wire 2319 is commonly used for Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). It is oversaturated with copper, like other alloys of the precipitation hardening 2### series, which are used for structural applications in aviation. Residual stress and distortion are one of the biggest challanges in metal additive manufacturing, however this topic is not widely investigated for aluminium alloys. Neutron diffraction measurements showed that the as-built component can contain constant tensile residual stresses along the height of the wall, which can reach the materials' yield strength. These stresses cause bending distortion after unclamping the part from the build platform. Two different rolling techniques were used to control residual stress and distortion. Vertical rolling was applied inter-pass on top of the wall to deform each layer after its deposition. This technique virtually elimiated the distortion, but produced a characteristic residual stress profile. Side rolling instead was applied on the side surface of the wall, after it has been completed. This technique was even more effective and even inverted the distortion. An interesting observation from the neutron diffraction measurements of the stress-free reference was the significantly larger FCC aluminium unit cell dimension in the inter-pass rolled walls as compared to the as-build condition. This is a result of less copper in solid solution with aluminium, indicating greater precipitation and thus, potentially contibuting to improve the strenght of the material.Item Open Access Corrosion behaviour of wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) built high strength pipeline steels(2022-03-01) Shehu, Najib Usman; Impey, Susan A.; Ganguly, SupriyoWire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is of interest for many industries that requires parts with complex geometries via metal 3D printing. WAAM is capable of producing metal components with high deposition rates, large build volumes, minimum material waste and lead times and good structural integrity. Previous research in this field has focused on achieving correct geometrical and defect free deposition, while maintaining good mechanical properties when compared with wrought alloy. This is the first investigated study devoted to the corrosion behaviour of WAAM pipeline steels in artificial seawater. The corrosion rate of electrode rod 90 solid (ER90S-G) WAAM deposited low alloy steel (as deposited and heat-treated conditions) were compared to F22 wrought alloy of similar chemical composition. Corrosion behaviour of the low alloy steels were assessed using mass loss and electrochemical characterisation and correlated to the microstructural characteristics and hardness. The experimental results showed improved corrosion resistance and strength in ER90 WAAM built low alloy as compared to the wrought. Optical micrographs and hardness measurements confirmed that a martensitic structure was formed under air cooled condition in as deposited ER90, while tempered-martensitic structures were observed in heat treated ER90 and F22 wrought alloy steels. This research is the first step in creation of corrosion data of WAAM built structures and compare to their wrought version. This underpinning correlation between microstructural variation and corrosion pattern would allow modification of the WAAM process in a suitable manner for successful commercial applications.Item Open Access Corrosion mechanisms of plasma welded Nickel aluminium bronze immersed in seawater(Elsevier, 2024-03-23) Dobson, Tamsin; Larrosa, Nicolas; Reid, Mark; Rajamudili, Kuladeep; Ganguly, Supriyo; Coules, HarryNickel Aluminium Bronzes (NAB) are copper-based multi-phase alloys used extensively in marine applications. NAB is vulnerable to seawater corrosion, however the interaction between its corrosion mechanisms and real-world factors including biofouling, weld microstructure and residual stress are poorly understood. Seawater corrosion tests were performed on plasma-welded NAB in laboratory and marine environments, demonstrating that the retained β’ phase in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) experiences Selective Phase Corrosion (SPC), whereas crevice corrosion associated with SPC of the κIII phase occurs at biofouled and stressed areas of parent material. These factors, seldom simulated in physical tests, severely impact NAB’s corrosion resistance.Item Open Access Corrosion-fatigue crack growth behaviour of wire arc additively manufactured ER100S-1 steel specimens(Elsevier, 2022-05-19) Ermakova, Anna; Ganguly, Supriyo; Razavi, Javad; Berto, Filippo; Mehmanparast, AliThe wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology is a promising fabrication technique which has been proven to have many advantages for producing large structures; however, the fatigue and corrosion-fatigue performance of WAAM steel components for application in the marine environments is still unexplored. In this study, the WAAM technique was employed to fabricate four specimens made of ER100S-1 steel, which were then tested under cyclic loading conditions in seawater to assess the corrosion-fatigue crack growth (CFCG) behaviour and hence suitability of this fabrication technology for offshore renewable energy applications. The test duration, cracking mechanisms and CFCG rate were investigated for each specimen and the material’s behaviour was investigated by considering the microstructural examinations. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared with the BS7910 standard recommended trends and experimental data available in the literature for conventionally built weldments made of different grades of steel which are commonly used for offshore applications.Item Open Access Corrosion-fatigue crack growth behaviour of wire arc additively manufactured ER70S-6 steel parts in marine environments(Elsevier, 2022-07-17) Ermakova, Anna; Ganguly, Supriyo; Razavi, Javad; Berto, Filippo; Mehmanparast, AliA crucial part of the structural integrity assessment of marine structures is the analysis of the fatigue crack growth behaviour of the welded joints in seawater environments, where the cracks often initiate and propagate under corrosion-fatigue loading conditions. In recent years, technological developments have facilitated the fabrication of steel components and structures using additive manufacturing technologies. Among the existing technologies, the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique has proven to offer great potentials for fabrication of large-scale structures. The present study investigates the corrosion-fatigue crack growth (CFCG) behaviour of the WAAM parts fabricated using ER70S-6 low carbon steel wire to assess the suitability of this technology for future marine structures. In this experimental study, the cracking behaviour and test duration in corrosion-fatigue tests were investigated and analysed in conjunction with the microstructural examination of the tested specimens. Moreover, the obtained results were compared with the recommended trends available in BS7910 standard for conventional welded joints and the data available in the literature on widely used offshore structural steel weldments. The CFCG results obtained from this study contribute to the overall knowledge and design requirements for the new optimised functionally graded structures made with WAAM technology for marine applications.Item Open Access Data for the paper "residual stress and texture control in Ti-6Al-4V wire + arc additively manufactured intersections by stress relief and rolling"(Cranfield University, 2018-05-02 13:58) roman Hönnige, Jan; Ganguly, Supriyo; Colegrove, Paul; Williams, Stewart; Lik Lee, Tung; Fitzpatrick, Michael; Ahmed, BilalData supporting the paper: "residual stress and texture control in Ti-6Al-4V wire + arc additively manufactured intersections by stress relief and rolling".Item Open Access Data Underpinning "Weld-Bonded Stainless Steel to Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Joints"(Cranfield University, 2017-09-07 15:26) Colegrove, Paul; Joesbury, Adam; Ayre, David; Van Rymenant, Patrick; Ganguly, Supriyo; Williams, StewartFigures for article entitled "Weld-Bonded Stainless Steel to Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Joints"