Browsing by Author "Fishwick, Frank"
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Item Open Access A Cross-Cultural Test of Implicit Leadership Theory(Cranfield University, 2003-11) McKie, David S.; Huff, Anne; Communal, Christine; Fishwick, FrankThis research builds on Implicit Leadership Theory, which suggests that a leader’s performance is likely to be higher when there is congruence between a follower’s prototype of what a leader should be and his or her perception of the leader’s behaviour. The essence of effective leadership, according to this theory, is being seen as a leader by others. Data were collected from 196 leaders and 1,738 followers from 23 countries within Cargill Incorporated, a US food and agricultural multinational. The research was conducted in two phases. During the first phase data were collected on followers’ desired leadership values and their perception of their leader’s behaviour on the same dimensions. These data were used to compute a congruence score based on a weighted sum of absolute differences. The congruence score data formed the heart of an individualised Leadership Fit Report written for each leader in the study showing the extent of congruence across 21 leadership characteristics (see Appendix A). The second phase of the study focused on a subset of 933 followers from five countries testing the two hypotheses. The two hypotheses in Phase Two were partially supported. The first was that congruence between desired leadership values and perceived behaviour leads to high performance of a leader and incongruence leads to lower performance. The second was that the relationship between congruence and leader performance varied by nationality. The cross-cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory captured in Hypothesis 2 was particularly important to Cargill because it revealed unique and important 9 differences between the five countries included in the second data set. This study found that the nature of the relationship between congruence and leader performance varies significantly between all five countries. More specifically the data suggests that congruence does not always lead to high performance. This study, albeit exploratory, makes theoretical, methodological and practical contributions in the following ways. i. A cross cultural test of Implicit Leadership Theory in a multinational organisation with a significant sample size. ii. An existing desired leadership values questionnaire was used and developed further to measure leadership values and leader perception. iii. All 196 leaders received a personalised feedback report showing the level of congruence (or degree of fit) for 21 leadership characteristics. iv. A methodological contribution was made by using Polynomial Regression Equations and Response Surface Methodology to measure the nature of the relationship between desired leadership values, perceived behaviour and leaders’ performance. Implicit Leadership Theory was shown to be complex yet very relevant to management practice. The research undertaken was exploratory yet it has created the basis for on going discussion.Item Open Access Item Open Access Economic aspects of the UK housing and housing finance markets(1991) Nellis, Joseph G.; Fishwick, FrankEleven publications, presented in two volumes, are contained in this submission. In each case these have been written jointly with another author. In all publications my contribution has been as an equal co-author at all stages: from the original identification of research projects, the development and application of research methodologies, through to the empirical analyses, interpretation and writing up of results.Item Open Access Research into Industrial Concentration in Europe - A Synopsis and Appraisal of Work Undertakenat Cranfield for the Commission of the European Communities.(Cranfield University, 1978) Fishwick, FrankThis report is not a thesis for the degree of Ph. D. but is an "exposition" referred to in Regulation 14-9 of the Institute, which allows the presentation of published work on one particular theme, instead of an original thesis. The publications submitted with this exposition are the reports of four studies of the evolution of concentration in the United Kingdom - (i) in paper manufacture and conversion, (ii) certain parts of the textile industry, (iii) selected vehicle accessories and (iv) press and general publishing. These studies were undertaken under contract for the Commission of the European Communities and form part of an extensive research programme directed by the Directorate General for Competition. The four projects were undertaken over the period April 1974 to November 1977. For the first of these projects a full-time research associate (Mrs. W. Hull) was employed. She was responsible for most of the data collection and prepared the first draft of much of this report. The other three projects were my own exclusive responsibility and the texts of the reports were entirely written by me - assistance being confined to clerical staff for data collection and a research assistant for data processing. Mr. Robert Cornu negotiated the first two of the contracts and assisted in communication with the predominantly French-speaking liaison staff in Brussels but he was not involved in any of the actual investigations. The four projects were undertaken in accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Directorate General for Competition. These guidelines changed over the 1974-7 period and this is reflected in the reports. Because the statistical framework and methods of analysis were defined by the Commission, the investigations and the reports do not entirely reflect my own views on the analysis of concentration. For this reason this exposition of the work is of somewhat greater length than that which Regulation 14-9 appears to imply. Chapter One contains an explanation of the Commission's interest in concentration as an aspect of market dominance, followed by summaries of the relevant literature and of empirical research into the effects of concentration. The objective of this chapter is to place the studies financed by the Commission into the context of economic theory and recent research by industrial economists. Chapter Two examines problems of definition and of sample design in investigations of this kind. Chapter Three presents and compares indices of concentration based on the entire sample of firms. Chapter Four is concerned with the statistical analysis of oligopoly and concentrates particularly upon the innovative parts of the Commission's methodology. Chapter Five is a preliminary assessment of the value of the studies and contains some tentative suggestions for changes in the existing approach. Throughout this exposition I have drawn evidence from the four reports but have only occasionally quoted from any, of the large number (over 100) reports completed by other research organisations in the nine member countries of the European Economic Community. I have estimated the total cost of this research programme at December 1977 prices and up to that date to be around £1.2 millions.Item Open Access The stock depreciation model of new car sales : a reconsideration(1987) Fishwick, Frank