Browsing by Author "Duarte-Davidson, Raquel"
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Item Open Access Characteristics of environmental harm in the context of air pollution.(WIT Press, 2002) Irwin, J. G.; Duarte-Davidson, Raquel; Pollard, Simon J. T.A framework that allows a qualitative assessment of technical and socio-economic aspects of environmental harm has been developed; capturing not only the physical aspects of damage but also how society may feel about it. Technical characteristics of harm include spatial and temporal extent, severity, irreversibility and uniqueness. Social aspects include dread, distrust, equity and imposition. By representing these on separate axes of a graph it is possible to assess those attributes of greatest concern, draw conclusions as to the nature of the harm and the public perception of that harm and gain some insight into appropriate courses of action. The results of applying the methodology to a radioactive release are presented and placed in the context of a range of other air pollution hazards.Item Open Access Modelling human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from landfills in England and Wales(Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam., 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z) Macleod, Christopher; Duarte-Davidson, Raquel; Fisher, Bernard; Ng, Betty; Willey, David; Shi, Ji Ping; Martin, Ian; Drew, Gillian H.; Pollard, Simon J. T.Human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from 6 landfills were modeled and assessed. Following a qualitative risk characterisation, direct and indirect exposures were quantified. Site-specific air dispersion modelling was conducted for PM10, PCDDs/PCDFs, Pb, Cd, As and CrVI concentrations at the closest residential points of exposure for 4 landfill sites accepting, in total, 75 %w/w of the APC residues disposed of in 2000-2001 (UK). Inhalation risks, assessed by reference to air quality standards at residential exposure points were assessed as insignificant. Preliminary modelling suggested that indirect exposures from PCDDs/PCDFs at the 95th percentile level for the site where APC deposition rates were highest, exceed the tolerable daily soil intake (TDSI) but warrant further study given model limitations. These results offer an initial screen of the significance of potential risks from APC disposal, which is of value in addressing concerns about the uncertainty of potential risks to human health from bulk APC disposal at strategic locations.