Browsing by Author "Dino, Giovanna Antonella"
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Item Open Access Exploiting secondary raw materials from extractive waste facilities: A case study(Unknown, 2018-02-06) Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Rossetti, Piergiorgio; Lorenzi, Alessio; Mister, Ivan; Cazzaniga, Alberto; Coulon, Frederic; Griffiths, Zoe; Wagland, StuartIn recent years, resource scarcity has emphasised a need to transition from a linear to a circular flow of resources. Securing supplies of critical and secondary raw materials (CRM/SRM) for the manufacturing industry is at the forefront of industrial challenges, especially in Europe, USA and Asia. A key step towards achieving resource efficiency, is to recover these materials from anthropogenic waste deposits, such as urban landfill sites and extractive waste facilities. This means breaking away from the traditional linear use of resources to a closed-loop approach that allows maximum recovery of resources from waste. The management of extractive waste deposits and resource recovery is closely linked to the concept of urban mining. In this paper, we present a case study illustrating the feasibility of recovering SRM from EW facilities and discuss the pros and cons of undertaking such activities.Item Open Access Incorporating oral bioaccessibility into human health risk assessment due to potentially toxic elements in extractive waste and contaminated soils from an abandoned mine site(Elsevier, 2020-04-30) Mehta, Neha; Cipullo, Sabrina; Cocerva, Tatiana; Coulon, Frederic; Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Ajmone-Marsan, Franco; Padoan, Elio; Cox, Siobhan Fiona; Cave, Mark R.; De Luca, Domenico AntonioThe waste rock, tailings and soil around an abandoned mine site in Gorno (northwest Italy) contain elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) exceeding the permissible limits for residential uses. Specifically, the maximum concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 107 mg/kg, 340 mg/kg, 1064 mg/kg, and 148 433 mg/kg, respectively. A site-specific human health risk assessment (HHRA) was conducted for residential and recreational exposure scenarios, using an approach based on Risk Based Corrective Action (RBCA) method, refined by incorporating oral bioaccessibility data. Oral bioaccessibility analyses were performed by simulating the human digestion process in vitro (Unified BARGE Method). Detailed analysis of oral bioaccessible fraction (BAF i.e. ratio of bioaccessible concentrations to total concentrations on <250 μm fraction) indicated BAF of As (5-33%), Cd (72-98%), Co (24-42%), Cr (3-11%), Cu (25-90%), Ni (17-60%), Pb (16-88%) and Zn (73-94%). The solid phase distribution and mineralogical analyses showed that the variation of BAF is attributed to presence of alkaline calcareous rocks and association of PTE with a variety of minerals. The HHRA for ingestion pathway, suggested that bioaccessibility-corrected cancer risk reached up to 2.7 × 10−5 and 0.55 × 10−5 for residential and recreational senarios respectively (acceptable level is 1 × 10−5). The hazard index (HI) recalculated after incorporation of oral bioaccessible concentrations for a residential scenario ranged from 0.02 to 17.9. This was above the acceptable level (>1) for 50% of the samples, indicating potential human health risks. This study provides information for site-specific risk assessments and planning future research.Item Open Access Landfill mining from extractive waste facilities: The importance of a correct site characterisation and evaluation of the potentialities. A case study from Italy(Elsevier, 2018-05-01) Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Rossetti, Piergiorgio; Perotti, Luigi; Alberto, Walter; Sarkka, Heikki; Coulon, Frederic; Wagland, Stuart; Griffiths, Zoe; Rodeghiero, FrancoRaw materials (RM) and critical raw materials (CRM; EC, 2017) supply is essential to both the maintenance and development of the EU economy as its industries rely on a steady RM supply. Thus, securing a sustainable RM and CRM supply and their circular use in the economy is of importance at EU level and beyond (Blengini et al., 2017, Coulomb et al., 2015, Vidal-Legaz et al., 2016). Furthermore, the developments of clean technologies coupled with economic growth exacerbate the short and long-term demand and needs (Blagoeva et al., 2016, Pavel and Tzimas, 2016). For example, Habib and Wenzel (2014) reported that the necessary supply Nd and Dy will grow from 10.0 Gg to 54.5 Gg and 0.5 Gg to 4.95 Gg respectively from 2010 to 2050.Item Open Access Linking oral bioaccessibility and solid phase distribution of potentially toxic elements in extractive waste and soil from an abandoned mine site: Case study in Campello Monti, NW Italy(Elsevier, 2018-10-11) Mehta, Neha; Cocerva, Tatiana; Cipullo, Sabrina; Padoan, Elio; Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Ajmone-Marsan, Franco; Cox, Siobhan Fiona; Coulon, Frederic; De Luca, Domenico AntonioOral bioaccessibility and solid phase distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTE) from extractive waste streams were investigated to assess the potential human health risk posed by abandoned mines. The solid phase distribution along with micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were also performed. The results showed that the total concentrations of PTE were higher in <250 μm size fractions of waste rock and soil samples in comparison to the <2 mm size fractions. Mean value of total concentrations of chromium(Cr), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in waste rocks (size fractions <250 μm) were found to be 1299, 1570, and 4010 mg/kg respectively due to the parent material. However, only 11% of Ni in this sample was orally bioaccessible. Detailed analysis of the oral bioaccessible fraction (BAF, reported as the ratio of highest bioaccessible concentration compared with the total concentration from the 250 μm fraction) across all samples showed that Cr, Cu, and Ni varied from 1 to 6%, 14 to 47%, and 5 to 21%, respectively. The variation can be attributed to the difference in pH, organic matter content and mineralogical composition of the samples. Non-specific sequential extraction showed that the non-mobile forms of PTE were associated with the clay and Fe oxide components of the environmental matrices. The present study demonstrates how oral bioaccessibility, solid phase distribution and mineralogical analysis can provide insights into the distribution, fate and behaviour of PTE in waste streams from abandoned mine sites and inform human health risk posed by such sites.Item Open Access Smart ground project: a new approach to data accessibility and collection for raw materials and secondary raw materials in Europe(Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 2017-12-31) Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Rossetti, Piergiorgio; Biglia, Giulio; Sapino, Maria Luisa; Di Mauro, Francesco; Särkkä, Heikki; Coulon, Frederic; Gomes, Diogo; Parejo-Bravo, Lucía; Zapata Aranda, Pilar; Lopez, Antonia Lorenzo; Lopez, Jorge; Garamvölgyi, Ernő; Stojanovic, Sandra; Pizza, Antonietta; de la Feld, MarcoSteady Raw Materials (RM) supply is essential for the EU economy and increasingly under pressure to sustain the businesses and industries demand. The supply of RM is not only a matter of availability of primary but also of secondary raw materials (SRM). In fact a great amount of waste can be regained as practical and valuable SRM by enhancing the recovery processes from industrial, mining and municipal landfill sites, especially if we consider that Europe is highly dependent on the imports of several RM. Nevertheless, there is to date no inventory of SRM at EU level. Smart Ground project aims to facilitate the availability and accessibility of data and information on SRM in the EU, as well as creating synergy and collaboration between the different stakeholders involved in the SRM value chain. In order to do so, the Smart Ground consortium is carrying out a set of activities to integrate in a single EU database all the data from existing sources and new information retrieving pilot landfills as progress is made. Such database will enable the exchange of contacts and information among the relevant stakeholders, interested in providing or obtaining SRM. Finally, Smart Ground project will also spin out the SRM economy and employment thanks to targeted training activities, organized during congresses and dedicated meeting with stakeholders and end users interested in calculating the potentiality for SRM recovery from selected landfills, contemporary constituting a dedicated network of stakeholders committed to cost-effective research, technology transfer and training.Item Open Access SMART GROUND Project: SMART data collection and integration platform to enhance availability and accessibility of data and information in the EU territory on secondary raw materials(Elsevier, 2016-11-29) Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Rossetti, Piergiorgio; Biglia, Giulio; Coulon, Frederic; Gomes, Diogo; Wagland, Stuart Thomas; Luste, Sami; Särkkä, Heikki; Ver, Csaba; Delafeld, Marco; Pizza, AntoniettaThe issue of resource security has come to the forefront of the debate as Critical Materials (CRM) and Raw Materials (RM) supply is fundamental to maintain and develop EU economy. Considering the increasing scarcity and raising prices of RM, their recycling and recovery from anthropogenic deposits is essential. To date there is no homogeneous inventory available of SRM and CRM present in EU landfills, and best management practices to recover SRM from landfill activities are inefficient. In this context, the EU SMART GROUND project intends to foster resource recovery in landfills by improving the availability and the accessibility of data and information on SRM in the EU.Item Open Access Towards sustainable mining: exploiting raw materials from extractive waste facilities(MDPI, 2020-03-18) Dino, Giovanna Antonella; Cavallo, Alessandro; Rossetti, Piergiorgio; Garamvölgyi, Ernő; Sándor, Renáta; Coulon, FredericThe focus of the present research is on the exploitation of extractive waste to recover raw materials, considering the technological and economic factors, together with the environmental impacts, associated with extractive waste quarrying and dressing activities. The present study, based on a case history from Northern Italy (Montorfano and Baveno granite quarrying area), was intended to validate the presented interdisciplinary approach for evaluating economic and environmental impacts associated with extractive waste facility exploitation (from granite waste to products for the ceramic industry and by-products for the building industry). A shared methodology was applied to determine extractive waste characteristics (geochemistry, petrography, and mineralogy), waste volume (geophysical, topographic, and morphologic 3D characterization) and potential exploitable products and by-products. Meanwhile, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to determine the environmental impacts associated with the extraction and processing phases.