Browsing by Author "Dicken, A. J."
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Item Open Access Classification of fracture and non-fracture groups by analysis of coherent X-ray scatter(Nature Publishing Group, 2016-07-01) Dicken, A. J.; Evans, J. Paul O.; Rogers, Keith; Stone, N.; Greenwood, Charlene; Godber, S. X.; Clement, J. G.; Lyburn, Iain Douglas; Martin, R. M.; Zioupos, PeterOsteoporotic fractures present a significant social and economic burden, which is set to rise commensurately with the aging population. Greater understanding of the physicochemical differences between osteoporotic and normal conditions will facilitate the development of diagnostic technologies with increased performance and treatments with increased efficacy. Using coherent X-ray scattering we have evaluated a population of 108 ex vivo human bone samples comprised of non-fracture and fracture groups. Principal component fed linear discriminant analysis was used to develop a classification model to discern each condition resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 91%, respectively. Evaluating the coherent X-ray scatter differences from each condition supports the hypothesis that a causal physicochemical change has occurred in the fracture group. This work is a critical step along the path towards developing an in vivo diagnostic tool for fracture risk prediction.Item Open Access Depth resolved snapshot energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction using a conical shell beam(Optical Society of America, 2017-08-23) Dicken, A. J.; Evans, J. Paul O.; Rogers, Keith; Prokopiou, Danae; Godber, S. X.; Wilson, M.We demonstrate a novel imaging architecture to collect range encoded diffraction patterns from overlapping samples in a single conical shell projection. The patterns were measured in the dark area encompassed by the beam via a centrally positioned aperture optically coupled to a pixelated energy-resolving detector. We show that a single exposure measurement of 0.3 mAs enables d-spacing values to be calculated. The axial positions of the samples were not required and the resultant measurements were robust in the presence of crystallographic textures. Our results demonstrate rapid volumetric materials characterization and the potential for a direct imaging method, which is of great relevance to applications in medicine, non-destructive testing and security screening.Item Open Access Fracture toughness of the cancellous bone of FNF femoral heads in relation to its microarchitecture(European Society of Biomechanics, 2016-07) Greenwood, Charlene; Clements, J. G.; Dicken, A. J.; Evans, J. Paul O.; Lyburn, Iain Douglas; Martin, R. M.; Rogers, Keith; Stone, N.; Adams, G.; Zioupos, PeterThis study considers the relationship between microarchitecture and mechanical properties for cancellous bone specimens collected from a cohort of patients who had suffered fractured necks of femur. OP is an acute skeletal condition with huge socioeconomic impact [1] and it is associated with changes in both bone quantity and quality [2], which affect greatly the strength and toughness of the tissue [3].