Browsing by Author "Collantes-Celador, Gemma"
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Item Open Access The defence of an institution under challenge: The EU and the International Criminal Court(Palgrave Macmillan, 2016-09-28) Collantes-Celador, GemmaThis chapter analyses EU deployment of strategies of ‘entrenchment’ and ‘accommodation’ to react to challenges that could have negatively affected—or that might in the future negatively affect—the attainment of universal ratification of the Rome Statute, the International Criminal Court’s institutional development and its day-to-day effectiveness. Two episodes are discussed: First, US policy before and after the signing of the Rome Statute (a power-based challenge) and resultant limitations on the Court’s independence and jurisdiction following the misalignment of power with institution and ideas; and, second, the resentment increasingly voiced by the African Union on behalf of certain African states over the Court’s caseload (ideational-based challenge) and the impact this resentment could have on the normative congruence between the Court and prevailing ideas in the international structureItem Open Access The dog that did not bark: The EU and the clash between sovereignty and justice in the International Criminal Court(Taylor & Francis, 2021-08-25) Costa, Oriol; Collantes-Celador, Gemma; Badell, DiegoThe cosmopolitan character of the International Criminal Court (ICC) is not immune to the growing surge in contestation of international institutions. The African Union’s reaction to the ICC decision to indict the at the time sitting heads of state of Sudan and Kenya, and the actions undertaken by the Trump Administration against the Court over possible investigations into Afghanistan and Palestine, are cases in point. This article explores what that surge has meant for intra-EU debates on its position towards the ICC. We present a two-fold argument based on an empirical analysis of key moments in the institutional development of the Court that coincide with the pre- and post-rise phases in the politicization of international institutions. First, the level of agreement on the ICC within the EU has been grossly exaggerated. Second, despite bouts of disagreement, patterns of political conflict over the ICC within the EU remain constant. That is, there is recurrent polarization, with a range of opinions on the intractable debate of Westphalian sovereignty vs. cosmopolitan justice, but no change in the other two dimensions of politicization (salience and actor range).Item Open Access From the Diasporisation to the Transnationalisation of Exile Politics - The Case of Sri Lanka, 1983-2016 : Thematic Report Three. Asylum, Security and Extremism(Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats, 2018-06) McDowell, Christopher; Aronica, Valentina; Collantes-Celador, Gemma; DeSilva, NatashaThis is the final of three Thematic Reports published as part of a CREST-funded project carried out by a team of researchers at City, University of London, and Cranfield University at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. With the objective of better understanding Tamil diaspora communities’ attitudes and engagement in the Sri Lankan civil conflict (1983-2009) and its aftermath, the project explores diaspora and refugee communities’ relationship with the changing socio-political environment in the homeland, exploring what shapes and influences processes of radicalisation or moderation among these communities. It recognises that the socio-political circumstances in which these processes develop are often crucial to understanding why a community or individuals within that community abroad act in a certain way; this includes analysis of different scales and levels of engagement, both in home and host countries, as well as different ‘areas’ of engagement, which can include social, economic and political interactions. The three thematic reports produced as part of this project cumulatively build a comprehensive picture of the state of knowledge on political action among diaspora, refugee and asylum populations. The theoretically-informed, literature-and evidence-grounded conclusions arising from these three thematic reports are therefore of relevance beyond the case of Sri Lanka. Thematic Report One discussed how four analytical concepts, diaspora, transnationalism, cosmopolitanism, and translocalism, have come to frame the academic discussion on overseas politics and the potential of these concepts to shed light on the relationship between mobility and political action. Thematic Report Two complements the previous report’s broad conceptual discussion by specifically focusing on an analysis of the context and drivers of political action among diaspora and refugee populations, and engaging with the term ‘refugee politics’. The current paper – the final Thematic Report – analyses the growing ‘securitisation’ of refugees and other forcibly displaced populations and calls for greater consideration of structural vulnerabilities in the forced migration and displacement cycle that increase the risk of radicalisation, extremism and related political behaviours.Item Open Access From the Diasporisation to the Transnationalisation of Exile Politics - The Case of Sri Lanka, 1983-2016: Thematic Report Two. The Engagement of Refugees in Transnational Politics: Lessons from the Migration, Diaspora and Refugee Studies Literature(Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats, 2018-06) McDowell, Christopher; Aronica, Valentina; Collantes-Celador, Gemma; DeSilva, NatashaThis is the second of three CREST-funded Thematic Reports published by a team of researchers at City, University of London, and Cranfield University at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, that cumulatively build a comprehensive picture of the state of knowledge on political action among diaspora and refugee populations. The research team is specifically interested in applying the theoretically-informed, literature and evidence grounded conclusions arising from these reports to understand the attitudes towards and involvement in the Sri Lankan civil conflict (1983-2009) and its aftermath by Tamil diaspora communities, but with a broader application. The CREST project is exploring diaspora and refugee communities’ relationship with the changing socio-political environment in the homeland and how this influences processes of radicalisation or moderation. It recognises that the socio-political circumstances in which these processes develop are often crucial to understanding why a community or individuals within that community abroad act in a certain way; this includes analysis of different scales and levels of engagement, both in home countries and in host countries, as well as different ‘areas’ of engagement, which can include social, economic and political interactions. Thematic Report One discussed how four analytical concepts, diaspora, transnationalism, cosmopolitanism, and translocalism, have come to frame the academic discussion of overseas politics and the potential of the concepts to shed light on the relationship between mobility and political action. The current paper – Thematic Report Two – complements the previous report’s broad conceptual discussion by specifically focusing on an analysis of the context and drivers of political action among diaspora and refugee populations, and engaging with the term ‘refugee politics’. It considers if the available diaspora and migration literature sheds light on whether the processes and dynamics of forced migration are likely to generate identifiable forms of political engagement.Item Open Access Introduction to Special Section on 'police reform and human rights in the Western Balkans’(Taylor & Francis, 2018-07) Collantes-Celador, Gemma; Schwandner-Sievers, StephanieThroughout the Western Balkans a range of international actors have been involved in the comprehensive reconstruction of polities, economies and societies ravaged by the violent conflicts and political turmoil of the 1990s. The reform of police forces in accordance with international policing and human rights standards and practices has played a crucial role in the wider peace- and state-building efforts. To international proponents of liberal democratic governance, the police, alongside the judiciary and the penitentiary system, should serve as an important pillar of protecting human rights. Given a history of the police’s participation in the war efforts during Yugoslavia’s disintegration process as well as their role as henchmen of the previously ruling regimes, tackling the legacies of ethnic bias and human rights violations in the police forces appeared of utmost importance. Beyond this specific war-related necessity and guided by the concept of ‘democratic policing’, international-facilitated police reform processes in the Western Balkans – like in many other parts of the world – have aimed to turn the police into a ‘servant’ of citizens, not the state. This implies that the police forces should operate in an accountable, transparent and law-abiding manner in accordance with internationally and domestically agreed human rights standards. The envisaged result is the provision of security to all citizens equally, which in turn contributes to the improvement of domestic human rights practices and the emergence of a rule of law culture. But how effective have these endeavours been in practice? What lessons can we draw from efforts to implement democratic policing agendas in the Western Balkans?