Browsing by Author "Charnley, Fiona"
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Item Open Access The best I can be: how self-accountability impacts product choice in technology mediated environments(Wiley, 2017-04-11) Rowe, Zoe O.; Wilson, Hugh; Dimitriu, Radu; Breiter, Katja; Charnley, FionaTechnology-mediated environments are important not only as the location for an increasing proportion of purchases, but also as an even more pervasive part of the purchase journey. While most research into online consumer behavior focuses on attitudes as an antecedent of product choice, this article focuses on an important but hardly explored variable that may be impacted by technology-mediated environments: self-accountability. Laboratory experiments suggest that self-accountability may influence online purchases, but this has not been confirmed in field studies. Furthermore, although this prior work suggests that self-accountability may impact product choice through the elicitation of guilt, the role of positive emotions has not been explored. Using two surveys with online retailers, this paper (a) shows that in a technology-mediated environment, self-accountability influences product choice; (b) proposes and confirms a complementary route for this effect through pride that is stronger than that through guilt; and (c) evidences the relationship between self-accountability and perceived consumer effectiveness. These results show a clear opportunity for digital marketers to encourage self-accountability, to thereby elicit pride and not just guilt, and hence to impact consumer decision making in technology-mediated environments, particularly when choices have sustainability implications.Item Open Access Can re-distributed manufacturing and digital intelligence enable a regenerative economy? An integrative literature review(Springer, 2016-04-04) Moreno, Mariale; Charnley, FionaThis paper uses an integrative literature review to explore the concept of re-distributed manufacturing and the opportunities to deliver more regenerative and resilient systems of production and consumption through the application of circular innovation. The study identified multiple similarities between the drivers of re-distributed and circular models of production and consumption that could be fostered by the use of digital intelligence. A set of criteria for redistributed manufacturing and circular innovation were developed and used to identify 33 existing case studies of consumer goods production. Case study analysis resulted in the identification of three types of re-distributed manufacturing that integrated characteristics of circular innovation. The paper concludes by describing some of the future research challenges in the transition towards re-distributed and circular models of production.Item Open Access Case Study Database(Cranfield University, 2017-03-15 09:34) Moreno Beguerisse, Mariale; Charnley, Fiona; Court, Richard; Wright, MattDatabase of Case Studies Analysed;'Database of Case Studies Analysed'Item Open Access Circular Innovation and Re-distributed Manufacturing(Cranfield University, 2017-08-23 07:38) Moreno Beguerisse, Mariale; Charnley, Fiona; Court, Richard; Wright, Matt; Campbell, CallumThis is one of five feasibility studies conducted as part of the RECODE NetworkItem Open Access A conceptual framework for circular design(MDIP, 2016-09-13) Moreno, Mariale; De los Rios, Carolina; Rowe, Zoe O.; Charnley, FionaDesign has been recognised in the literature as a catalyst to move away from the traditional model of take-make-dispose to achieve a more restorative, regenerative and circular economy. As such, for a circular economy to thrive, products need to be designed for closed loops, as well as be adapted to generate revenues. This should not only be at the point of purchase, but also during use, and be supported by low-cost return chains and reprocessing structures, as well as effective policy and regulation. To date, most academic and grey literature on the circular economy has focused primarily on the development of new business models, with some of the latter studies addressing design strategies for a circular economy, specifically in the area of resource cycles and design for product life extension. However, these studies primarily consider a limited spectrum of the technical and biological cycles where materials are recovered and restored and nutrients (e.g., materials, energy, water) are regenerated. This provides little guidance or clarity for designers wishing to design for new circular business models in practice. As such, this paper aims to address this gap by systematically analysing previous literature on Design for Sustainability (DfX) (e.g., design for resource conservation, design for slowing resource loops and whole systems design) and links these approaches to the current literature on circular business models. A conceptual framework is developed for circular economy design strategies. From this conceptual framework, recommendations are made to enable designers to fully consider the holistic implications for design within a circular economy.Item Open Access A decision-making framework for the implementation of remanufacturing in rechargeable energy storage system in hybrid and electric vehicles(Elsevier, 2018-07-25) Okorie, Okechukwu; Turner, Christopher J.; Salonitis, Konstantinos; Charnley, Fiona; Moreno, Mariale; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Hutabarat, WindoAs data from manufacturing and digital intelligence become a pervasive feature of our economy, it becomes increasingly important to leverage on this data in the creation of new forms of value. Within emerging concepts such as Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the Internet of Things (IoT), understanding decision-making and stakeholders’ interaction is important in optimising manufacturing and post-manufacturing processes. Of interest is the post-manufacturing phase for the Rechargeable Energy Storage system, (RESS), a battery system embedded in hybrid and electric automobiles. This research develops a decision-making framework for the RESS component, employing data-driven remanufacturing as the circular approach for implementation. Findings highlight useful manufacturing data employed in remanufacturing for the RESS technology. This study concludes by giving recommendations on how decisions made by stakeholders and their interaction can inform manufacturers on design for remanufacturing.Item Open Access DES Simulation(Cranfield University, 2017-03-15 09:33) Moreno Beguerisse, Mariale; Charnley, Fiona; Court, Richard; Wright, MattSupportive data sets for the DES simulations. Users need Annylogic to open some of this files.Item Open Access Design for circular behaviour: Considering users in a circular economy(MDPI, 2018-05-25) Wastling, Thomas; Charnley, Fiona; Moreno, MarialeIn a linear economy, a product is manufactured and sold to a customer. Then, little concern is given to what the user actually does with it when they have it. However, in a circular economy where the aim is to circulate products at their highest level of value, the customer’s behaviour can become an important part of the system. Circular design strategies have tended to focus on the physical aspects of a product (e.g., disassembly, material selection), but the design of products and services can also have an influence on user behaviour and, to date, this aspect of circular design has not been fully explored. This project aims to define what key user behaviours are required for circular business models to work and to outline how design can enable these ‘circular behaviours’. This research project consists of a literature review, case study analysis and expert interviews with practitioners. A theoretical framework for designing products and services to encourage circular behaviour is developed. This work provides an initial step towards a better understanding of the user’s role in the transition to a circular economy as well as a preliminary model for how design for behaviour change strategies could be implemented in this context.Item Open Access Designing a framework for materials flow by integrating circular economy principles with end-of-life management strategies(MDPI, 2022-04-02) Huang, Yuan; Shafiee, Mahmood; Charnley, Fiona; Encinas-Oropesa, AdrianaCircular economy is an upward trending notion that has drawn worldwide attention of policymakers, industry administrators, environmentalist as well as academic researchers. Though there are several tools developed for monitoring the material recovery, a very few number of research have been conducted to integrate circular economy principles with end-of-life (EOL) management strategies. This paper proposes an EOL-driven circular economy framework for the management of materials flow so as to extend the lifetime of materials through improved durability as well as to provide more social, economic and environmental benefits through less material waste. A case study from the agricultural waste industry is presented in order to test the model and validate its performance. The results show that the proposed framework has a good potential for small and medium enterprises (SME) advances.Item Open Access Digitisation and the circular economy: A review of current research and future trends(MDPI, 2018-11-01) Okorie, Okechukwu; Salonitis, Konstantinos; Charnley, Fiona; Moreno, Moreno; Turner, Christopher J.; Tiwari, AshutoshSince it first appeared in literature in the early nineties, the Circular Economy (CE) has grown in significance amongst academic, policymaking, and industry groups. The latest developments in the CE field have included the interrogation of CE as a paradigm, and its relationship with sustainability and other concepts, including iterative definitions. Research has also identified a significant opportunity to apply circular approaches to our rapidly changing industrial system, including manufacturing processes and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) which, with data, is enabling the latest advances in digital technologies (DT). Research which fuses these two areas has not been extensively explored. This is the first paper to provide a synergistic and integrative CE-DT framework which offers directions for policymakers and guidance for future research through a review of the integrated fields of CE and I4.0. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR; n = 174) of the empirical literature related to digital technologies, I4.0, and circular approaches is conducted. The SLR is based on peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and early 2018. This paper also summarizes the current trends in CE research related to manufacturing. The findings confirm that while CE research has been on the increase, research on digital technologies to enable a CE is still relatively untouched. While the “interdisciplinarity” of CE research is well-known, the findings reveal that a substantial percentage is engineering-focused. The paper concludes by proposing a synergistic and integrative CE-DT framework for future research developed from the gaps in the current research landscape.Item Open Access Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities(Taylor & Francis, 2016-06-16) Singh Srai, Jagjit; Kumar, Mukesh; Graham, Gary; Phillips, Wendy; Tooze, James; Ford, Simon; Beecher, Paul; Raj, Baldev; Gregory, Mike; Kumar Tiwari, Manoj; Ravi, B.; Neely, Andrew; Shankar, Ravi; Charnley, Fiona; Tiwari, AshutoshThis discussion paper aims to set out the key challenges and opportunities emerging from distributed manufacturing (DM). We begin by describing the concept, available definitions and consider its evolution where recent production technology developments (such as additive and continuous production process technologies), digitisation together with infrastructural developments (in terms of IoT and big data) provide new opportunities. To further explore the evolving nature of DM, the authors, each of whom are involved in specific applications of DM research, examine through an expert panel workshop environment emerging DM applications involving new production and supporting infrastructural technologies. This paper presents these generalisable findings on DM challenges and opportunities in terms of products, enabling production technologies and the impact on the wider production and industrial system. Industry structure and location of activities are examined in terms of the democratising impact on participating network actors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the changing nature of manufacturing as a result of DM, from the traditional centralised, large-scale, long lead-time forecast-driven production operations to a new DM paradigm where manufacturing is a decentralised, autonomous near end user-driven activity. A forward research agenda is proposed that considers the impact of DM on the industrial and urban landscape.Item Open Access Energy efficiency status-quo at UK foundries: the “small-is-beautiful” project(Springer, 2017-02-12) Jolly, Mark R.; Salonitis, Konstantinos; Charnley, Fiona; Ball, Peter D.; Ahmad Mehrabi, Hamid; Pagone, EmanueleItem Open Access Engaging schools in the science of low-energy buildings(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2012-06-28) Charnley, Fiona; Fleming, Paul; Dowsett, Tony; Fleming, Margaret; Cook, Malcolm; Mill, GreigThis article explores the relationship between the previous UK government’s initiative to rebuild and renew secondary schools, and the requirement for improved education for sustainable development in the UK. The documented research utilized a number of mechanisms to engage with pupils in Leicester city schools to increase their awareness, knowledge and understanding of the science and engineering associated with the design and operation of low-energy school buildings. Workshops, discussions with energy and sustainable development experts and inspirational visits to existing low-energy buildings were employed to develop an appreciation for the importance of energy efficiency and best design practice. The results demonstrate an increase in pupils’ knowledge and understanding of low-energy school design and additionally a rise in those pupils who are interested in science and would consider it as a career optItem Open Access Evaluating the environmental performance of a product/service-system business model for Merino wool next-to-skin garments: The case of Armadillo Merino®(MDPI, 2019-10-22) Bech, Nynne Marie; Birkved, Morten; Charnley, Fiona; Laumann Kjaer, Louise; Pigosso, Daniela C. A.; Hauschild, Michael Z.; McAloone, Tim C.; Moreno, MarialeCircular business models are often enabled by means of product/service-systems (PSS). The common perception is that such business models have enhanced environmental performance when compared to conventional business models rooted in the linear economy. This article investigates the environmental potential of developing a use-oriented PSS business model for Merino wool t-shirts intended for use by the British Ministry of Defence as an alternative to the present supply system based on synthetic t-shirts purchased from sportswear clothing companies. To conduct the assessment, we apply the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to quantify and compare the climate change impacts and impact potentials of the proposed PSS business model and of a reference business model. Results showed that there could be significant contribution of quantifying environmental potential for PSS business models when justifying the transition to a circular economy. However, when adopting LCA methodology for this purpose, the design of the PSS needs to be well thought to overcome some of the identified challenges. The article concludes by making the case that LCA studies can support the definition, design and value creation of the product/service-systems in early development stages.Item Open Access Future scenarios for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in a circular economy(Elsevier, 2018-12-14) Kuzmina, Ksenija; Prendeville, Sharon; Walker, Dale; Charnley, FionaThe aim of the study is to envision, through an inductive scenario planning methodology, future scenarios of the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in the context of a circular economy (CE). The study uses an exploratory scenario planning, an inductive approach to engage FMCG industry organisations, CE experts, end-users, and academic stakeholders in exploring the future of FMCG within a CE context. Five future scenarios that can inform a vision for the future of the FMCG industry were developed: (1) Rinse and Reuse, (2) The Cycling of Pure Materials, (3) The Rise of the Circular Retailer, (4) A World Without Supermarkets and (5) Connected Living. The analysis and discussion of the scenarios consider how value is created within circular economy and the integral role that the consumer and the IT play within it. The study provides insights on how the FMCG sector might participate in the CE and in doing so provides a basis for further research in this area. Future areas for research are outlined.Item Open Access Influencing factors for sustainable design implementation in the front-end of new product development process within the Fast-Moving-Consumer-Goods sector(Cranfield University, 2015) Park, Curie; Charnley, Fiona; Longhurst, PhilipThis study examines and verifies the influencing factors for sustainable design implementation in the front-end stages of New Product Development (NPD) process within the Fast-Moving-Consumer-Goods (FMCG) sector. Despite many arguments that the early consideration of sustainable design is key to successful sustainable product development, there is a paucity of research that approaches sustainable design implementation from an NPD front-end perspective. Moreover, sustainable design research in the FMCG sector is rare in spite of the sector’s substantial impact to the environment and society. In order to gain holistic insights of the subject, this study explores different epistemic communities ranging from industrial sustainable design, engineering sustainable design, NPD front-end studies, to corporate social responsibility (CSR) studies. Subsequently, multiple FMCG case studies are conducted to confirm and elaborate the literature findings. Among a total of 11 factors and 32 elements of case studies findings, nine factors and 19 elements confirm the previous findings, and two factors and 13 elements are newly identified. Six confirming factors including senior management support, internal communication, cross-‐functional team, and supportive corporate culture are common sustainable design and NPD front-end factors. Three other confirming factors including sustainability tools, and sustainability champions are distinct sustainable design factors, and two new factors including balanced focus on growth and maturity of external contexts and seven elements are specific to the FMCG context. Also a disparity between the perception and practice of the factors is highlighted. More positive, frequent evidence of the factors is observed in higher sustainability maturity level companies. A conceptual framework is suggested to explain the interrelationships of factors. The research findings contribute to a holistic understanding of the nature of sustainable design implementation in the front-end of NPD for FMCG. The research is hoped to serve as guide for FMCG practitioners in diagnosing their sustainable design implementation within the NPD process, and developing more holistic sustainability strategy in a long-term view.Item Open Access Influencing sustainable product choice through anticipated pride and guilt: the role of self-accountability and recalled emotions.(2017-01) Rowe, Zoe; Charnley, Fiona; Wilson, Hugh; Dimitriu, RaduConsumption choices are significant in determining sustainability outcomes. Therefore, an area of particular interest for both scholars and practitioners is that of consumer behaviour and the challenge of encouraging sustainable consumption habits. Sustainable consumer behaviour is important, yet slow to change, with many individuals stating that they care about being sustainable, yet not demonstrating this in their actual behaviour choices. This research proposes two related new theoretical routes to sustainable product choice, namely through self-accountability and through recalled emotions. First, a systematic review of the extant literature was deemed necessary. A conceptual framework was developed that identified the antecedents to and moderators of sustainable behaviour change, informing a number of testable propositions and future research directions. Moreover, this synthesis uncovered the gaps in current knowledge that informed the research question and design of the empirical research that follows. Adapting aspects of self-standards and self-discrepancy theory, the second stage of this research explored the construct of self-accountability for influencing anticipated pride and guilt about sustainable purchase behaviours, and thereby influencing the behaviour itself. Two field surveys tested a number of structural models to measure the effect of self-accountability on purchase intentions, mediated by feelings of anticipated pride and guilt. The results found that consumers with higher levels of self-accountability are more likely to be influenced by anticipated feelings of pride towards the outcome of sustainable purchase behaviour. The third part of this research tested a manipulation of recalled pride and guilt across two experimental studies, to explore their effect on feelings of anticipated pride and guilt and hence on sustainable purchase intentions. The studies showed that the manipulation of recalled pride was more significant than that of recalled guilt, as compared with a neutral recall, in influencing purchase intentions. There was a significant mediation effect of both anticipated pride and guilt, with anticipated pride again showing higher significance. Overall, this research highlights the significant role of pride and guilt for encouraging sustainable purchase choices. Specifically, it highlights the superior role of pride and offers two complementary mechanisms for engendering feelings of anticipated pride and guilt. A manipulation is proposed whereby appraisal of pride and guilt can be a suitable mechanism to trigger sustainable purchase intentions, contributing to both theory and practice.Item Open Access Manufacturing data for the implementation of data-driven remanufacturing for the rechargeable energy storage system in electric vehicles(Springer, 2019-02-28) Okorie, Okechukwu; Salonitis, Konstantinos; Charnley, Fiona; Moreno, Maria; Turner, Christopher J.; Tiwari, AshutoshManufacturing industries are experiencing a data-driven paradigm shift that is changing how technical operations are run and changing present business models. Leveraging on manufacturing data from industries and digital intelligence platforms have become important in creating new forms of value. While extending the life of a product through the circular economy 3 R’s of reuse, re-manufacturing and recycling remains a technical and resource challenge for practitioners, optimizing the increasing forms and volumes of data presents a complementary and necessary challenge to the circular economy. This research aims to explore how the manufacturing data can inform remanufacturing parameters for implementing remanufacturing on the Rechargeable Energy Storage System.Item Open Access Manufacturing in the time of COVID-19: an assessment of barriers and enablers(IEEE, 2020-07-27) Okorie, Okechukwu; Subramoniam, Ramesh; Charnley, Fiona; Widdifield, David; Patsavellas, John; Salonitis, KonstantinosPandemics and other forms of epidemic outbreaks are a unique case of manufacturing risk typified by high uncertainty, increasing propagation and long-term disruption to manufacturers, supply chain actors as well as the end-users and consumers. For manufacturing the COVID-19 disruption scope has been largely two-fold; an endogenous disruption of manufacturing processes and systems as well as extreme shifts in demand and supply caused by exogenous supply chain disruption. Existing literature on disruptions in manufacturing suggests that pandemics are qualitatively different from typical disruptions. There is no literature available to manufacturing practitioners that identify the barriers and enablers of manufacturing resilience, especially with regards to pivoting of the manufacturing sector in response to a pandemic. This study draws on an extensive survey collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were employees of manufacturing firms in all regions of the world who had engaged in manufacturing during the pandemic or had opted out from manufacturing due to various identified reasons. By collating their responses, we offer to practitioners and policymakers an analysis for identifying a best-practice framework for pivoting successfully as a response to major manufacturing disruptions.Item Open Access Opportunities for redistributed manufacturing and digital intelligence as enablers of a circular economy(Taylor and Francis, 2018-08-21) Moreno, Mariale; Court, Richard W.; Wright, Matt; Charnley, FionaThe linear production of consumer goods is characterised by mass manufacture by multinational enterprises and globally dispersed supply chains. The current centralised model has created a distance between the manufacturer and end user, limiting the opportunity for intelligent circular approaches for production and consumption. Through a mixed method approach, opportunities of circularity are explored for the consumer goods sector. The study presents four lenses to analyse three enterprises through a multi-case study approach to explore the potential of digital intelligence and redistributed manufacturing (RDM) as enablers of circular business models. In addition, the study examines whether Discrete Event Simulation can be used to evaluate the circular scenarios identified through quantifying flows of material that determine traditional economic value (cost/tonne). The mixed method approach demonstrates that, a qualitative systemic analysis can reveal opportunities for circularity, gained through implementing ‘digital intelligence’ and distributed models of production and consumption. Furthermore, simulations can provide a quantified evaluation on the effects of introducing circular activities across a supply chain.