Browsing by Author "Carminati, A."
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Item Open Access Challenges in imaging and predictive modeling of rhizosphere process(Springer, 2016-04-08) Roose, T.; Keyes, S. D.; Daly, K. R.; Carminati, A.; Otten, Wilfred; Vetterlein, D.; Peth, S.Background Plant-soil interaction is central to human food production and ecosystem function. Thus, it is essential to not only understand, but also to develop predictive mathematical models which can be used to assess how climate and soil management practices will affect these interactions. Scope In this paper we review the current developments in structural and chemical imaging of rhizosphere processes within the context of multiscale mathematical image based modeling. We outline areas that need more research and areas which would benefit from more detailed understanding. Conclusions We conclude that the combination of structural and chemical imaging with modeling is an incredibly powerful tool which is fundamental for understanding how plant roots interact with soil. We emphasize the need for more researchers to be attracted to this area that is so fertile for future discoveries. Finally, model building must go hand in hand with experiments. In particular, there is a real need to integrate rhizosphere structural and chemical imaging with modeling for better understanding of the rhizosphere processes leading to models which explicitly account for pore scale processes.Item Open Access Linking rhizosphere processes across scales: opinion(Springer, 2022-01-31) Schnepf, A.; Carminati, A.; Ahmed, M. A.; Ani, M.; Benard, P.; Bentz, J.; Bonkowski, M.; Knott, M.; Diehl, D.; Duddek, P.; Kröner, E.; Javaux, M.; Landl, M.; Lehndorf, E.; Lippold, E.; Lieu, A.; Mueller, C. W.; Oburger, E.; Otten, Wilfred; Portell, Xavier; Phalempin, M.; Prechtel, A.; Schulz, R.; Vanderborght, J.; Vetterlein, D.Purpose: Simultaneously interacting rhizosphere processes determine emergent plant behaviour, including growth, transpiration, nutrient uptake, soil carbon storage and transformation by microorganisms. However, these processes occur on multiple scales, challenging modelling of rhizosphere and plant behaviour. Current advances in modelling and experimental methods open the path to unravel the importance and interconnectedness of those processes across scales. Methods: We present a series of case studies of state-of-the art simulations addressing this multi-scale, multi-process problem from a modelling point of view, as well as from the point of view of integrating newly available rhizosphere data and images. Results: Each case study includes a model that links scales and experimental data to explain and predict spatial and temporal distribution of rhizosphere components. We exemplify the state-of-the-art modelling tools in this field: image-based modelling, pore-scale modelling, continuum scale modelling, and functional-structural plant modelling. We show how to link the pore scale to the continuum scale by homogenisation or by deriving effective physical parameters like viscosity from nano-scale chemical properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate ways of modelling the links between rhizodeposition and plant nutrient uptake or soil microbial activity. Conclusion: Modelling allows to integrate new experimental data across different rhizosphere processes and scales and to explore more variables than is possible with experiments. Described models are tools to test hypotheses and consequently improve our mechanistic understanding of how rhizosphere processes impact plant-scale behaviour. Linking multiple scales and processes including the dynamics of root growth is the logical next step for future research.