Browsing by Author "Burgess, Paul John"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access Agroforestry in the European common agricultural policy(Springer, 2018-06-26) Mosquera-Losada, María Rosa; Santiago-Freijanes, Jose Javier; Pisanelli, A.; Rois-Díaz, M.; Smith, J.; den Herder, M.; Moreno, G.; Ferreiro-Domínguez, N.; Malignier, N.; Lamersdorf, N.; Balaguer, F.; Pantera, A.; Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A.; Aldrey, J. A.; González-Hernández, M. P.; Fernández-Lorenzo, J. L.; Romero-Franco, R.; Burgess, Paul JohnAgroforestry is a sustainable land management system that should be more strongly promoted in Europe to ensure adequate ecosystem service provision in the old continent (Decision 529/2013) through the common agricultural policy (CAP). The promotion of the woody component in Europe can be appreciated in different sections of the CAP linked to Pillar I (direct payments and Greening) and Pillar II (rural development programs). However, agroforestry is not recognised as such in the CAP, with the exception of the Measure 8.2 of Pillar II. The lack of recognition of agroforestry practices within the different sections of the CAP reduces the impact of CAP activities by overlooking the optimum combinations that would maximise the productivity of land where agroforestry could be promoted, considering both the spatial and temporal scales.Item Open Access Challenges and innovations for improving the sustainability of European agroforestry systems of high nature and cultural value: a stakeholder perspective(Springer, 2020-06-04) Rolo, Victor; Hartel, Tibor; Aviron, Stephanie; Berg, Staffan; Crous-Duran, Josep; Franca, Antonello; Mirck, Jaconette; Nunes Palma, Joao Henrique; Pantera, Anastasia; Paulo, Joana Amaral; Pulido, Fernando Javier; Seddaiu, Giovanna; Thenail, Claudine; Varga, Anna; Viaud, Valerie; Burgess, Paul John; Moreno, GerardoTraditional forms of agroforestry are often recognized as exemplar systems that successfully integrate food production, biodiversity conservation and high cultural values. However many traditional agroforestry systems in Europe are in decline or are threatened and the perspectives of local stakeholders on the production, management, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions of such systems are not fully understood. To fill this gap, we present results of participatory research performed with ten stakeholder groups (SG) across Europe to search for solutions to improve the economic and ecological sustainability of High Nature and Cultural Value agroforestry systems (HNCV agroforestry). Stakeholders included both users and beneficiaries of the HNCV agroforestry. First, SGs held open discussions (227 participants) to identify major challenges for the long-term sustainability of HNCV agroforestry. Challenges were classified into production, management, socio-economic and the environment categories. Second, they responded to structured questionnaires (120 respondents) that explored the positive and negative perceptions of 45 possible attributes of HNCV agroforestry. Third, innovative solutions were identified by individual and group discussions to address the four categories of challenge. Challenges were mostly identified for the management and socio-economic categories, but several challenges concerning production and environment were also pinpointed. Besides, solutions matched poorly with the challenges identified, and, while challenges were at some extent common across countries, solutions to address them were more case-specific. The successful implementation of these solutions requires an in-depth understanding of the diversity of socio-cultural and natural contexts of the HNCV agroforestry systems and building bottom-up proposals and collective actions based on this understanding. The sustainability of HNCV agroforestry would be benefited by providing farmers and managers with a financial advantage from the high nature and cultural value of these systems.Item Open Access Responses of tea clones to drought in Southern Tanzania(1992-02) Burgess, Paul John; Carr, M. K. V.A line-source experiment, planted in August 1988, was used to quantify the yield responses of six tea (Camellia sinensis) clones to drought in Southern Tanzania. The selected clones (1, 6/8, SFS150, S15/10, 207 and K35) are scientifically and/or commercially important in eastern Africa. Drought treatments were imposed during the latter part of 1989 and 1990. Soil water deficits were estimated using a water balance model, validated using a neutron probe. The maximum yield of made tea, from June 1990 to May 1991, was 3760 kg ha⁻¹ for clone S15/10, compared to 2210-2640 kg ha⁻¹ for the other clones. Drought resistances, assessed from the relative yield reduction below the maximum, were greatest for clones 1 and SFS150. The clonal attributes determining these responses were examined in terms of dry matter production and partitioning,components of yield, and plant water status, and were used to determine selection criteria for high yielding and/or drought resistant clones. The high yield of clone S15/10 resulted from greater partitioning of dry matter to leaf and harvested shoots (51%) than the other five clones (34-39%). The conversion efficiency for four of the fully irrigated clones was 0.33-0.55 g MJ-⁻¹ intercepted total solar radiation. Drought resistance was related with leaf measurements of photosynthetic rate per unit stomatal conductance (A/g). In a comparison of droughted plants, resistance was related to reduced incidence of Phomopsis theae, reduced leaf abscision and high xylem water potentials. Measurements of stomatalconductance highlighted calibration problems with transient and steady state porometers. Clone SFS150 had the lowest base temperature for shoot extension (8.9°C) and therefore a more even seasonal distribution of yield than the other clones. Base temperatures for shoot development were 1.7-3.5°C lower than those for extension. The dry matter content of harvested shoots typically ranged from 24.2% for clone 1 to 20.7% for clone SFS150. Partitioning of dry matter to leaves and green stem for high yield, a high A/g ratio for drought resistance, and low base temperatures for improved yield distribution are proposed as selection criteria.