Browsing by Author "Bello, Abdulrauf"
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Item Open Access Development of gas-liquid slug flow measurement using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound and bandpass power spectral density(MDPI, 2021-01-08) Nnabuife, Somtochukwu Godfrey; Sharma, Prafull; Aburime, Ebuwa Iyore; Long’or Lokidor, Pauline; Bello, AbdulraufThis paper addresses the issues of slug detection and characterization in air-water two-phase flow in a vertical pipeline. A novel non-invasive measurement technique using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound (CWDU) and bandpass power spectral density (BPSD) is proposed for multiphase flow applications and compared with the more established gamma-ray densitometry measurement. In this work, analysis using time-frequency analysis of the CWDU is performed to infer the applicability of the BPSD method for observing the slug front and trailing bubbles in a multiphase flow. The CWDU used a piezo transmitter/receiver pair with an ultrasonic frequency of 500 kHz. Signal processing on the demodulated signal of Doppler frequency was done using the Butterworth bandpass filter on the power spectral density which reveals slugs from background bubbles. The experiments were carried out in the 2” vertical pipeline-riser at the process system engineering laboratory at Cranfield University. The 2-inch test facility used in this experiment is made up of a 54.8 mm internal diameter and 10.5 m high vertical riser connected to a 40 m long horizontal pipeline. Taylor bubbles were generated using a quick-closing air valve placed at the bottom of the riser underwater flow, with rates of 0.5 litres/s, 2 litres/s, and 4 litres/s. The CWDU spectrum of the measured signal along with the BPSD method is shown to describe the distinctive nature of the slugsItem Open Access The prospects of hydrogen in achieving net zero emissions by 2050: a critical review(Elsevier, 2023-05-25) Nnabuife, Godfrey Somtochukwu; Oko, Eni; Kuang, Boyu; Bello, Abdulrauf; Onwualu, Azikiwe Peter; Oyagha, Sherry; Whidborne, James F.Hydrogen (H2) usage was 90 tnes (Mt) in 2020, almost entirely for industrial and refining uses and generated almost completely from fossil fuels, leading to nearly 900 Mt of carbon dioxide emissions. However, there has been significant growth of H2 in recent years. Electrolysers' total capacity, which are required to generate H2 from electricity, has multiplied in the past years, reaching more than 300 MW through 2021. Approximately 350 projects reportedly under construction could push total capacity to 54 GW by the year 2030. Some other 40 projects totalling output of more than 35 GW are in the planning phase. If each of these projects is completed, global H2 production from electrolysers could exceed 8 Mt by 2030. It's an opportunity to take advantage of H2S prospects to be a crucial component of a clean, safe, and cost-effective sustainable future. This paper assesses the situation regarding H2 at the moment and provides recommendations for its potential future advancement. The study reveals that clean H2 is experiencing significant, unparalleled commercial and political force, with the amount of laws and projects all over the globe growing quickly. The paper concludes that in order to make H2 more widely employed, it is crucial to significantly increase innovations and reduce costs. The practical and implementable suggestions provided to industries and governments will allow them to fully capitalise on this growing momentum.Item Open Access Prospects of low and zero-carbon renewable fuels in 1.5-degree net zero emission actualisation by 2050: a critical review(Elsevier, 2022-10-12) Anika, Ogemdi Chinwendu; Nnabuife, Somtochukwu Godfrey; Bello, Abdulrauf; Okoroafor, Esuru Rita; Kuang, Boyu; Villa, RaffaellaThe Paris Climate Agreement seeks to keep global temperature increases under 2° Celsius, ideally 1.5° Celsius. This goal necessitates significant emission reductions. By 2030, emissions are expected to range between 52 and 58 GtCO2e from their 2016 level of approximately 52 GtCO2e. This review paper explores a number of low and zero-carbon renewable fuels, such as hydrogen, green ammonia, green methanol, biomethane, natural gas, and synthetic methane (with natural gas and synthetic methane subject to CCUS both at processing and at final use) as alternative solutions for providing a way to rebalance transition paths in order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement while also reaping the benefits of other sustainability targets. The results show renewables will need to account for approximately 90% of total electricity generation by 2050 and approximately 25% of non-electric energy usage in buildings and industry. However, low and zero-carbon renewable fuels currently only contributes about 15% to the global energy shares, and it will take about 10% more capacity to reach the 2050 goal. The transportation industry will need to take important steps toward energy efficiency and fuel switching in order to achieve the 20% emission reduction. Therefore, significant new commitments to efficient low-carbon alternatives will be necessary to make this enormous change. According to this paper, investing in energy efficiency and low-carbon alternative energy must rise by a factor of about five by 2050 in comparison to 2015 levels if the 1.5 °C target is to be realised.Item Open Access Prospects of low and zero-carbon renewable fuels in 1.5-degree net zero emission actualisation by 2050: a critical review(Elsevier, 2022-10-12) Anika, Ogemdi Chinwendu; Nnabuife, Somtochukwu Godfrey; Bello, Abdulrauf; Okoroafor, Esuru Rita; Kuang, Boyu; Villa, RaffaellaThe Paris Climate Agreement seeks to keep global temperature increases under 2° Celsius, ideally 1.5° Celsius. This goal necessitates significant emission reductions. By 2030, emissions are expected to range between 52 and 58 GtCO2e from their 2016 level of approximately 52 GtCO2e. This review paper explores a number of low and zero-carbon renewable fuels, such as hydrogen, green ammonia, green methanol, biomethane, natural gas, and synthetic methane (with natural gas and synthetic methane subject to CCUS both at processing and at final use) as alternative solutions for providing a way to rebalance transition paths in order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement while also reaping the benefits of other sustainability targets. The results show renewables will need to account for approximately 90% of total electricity generation by 2050 and approximately 25% of non-electric energy usage in buildings and industry. However, low and zero-carbon renewable fuels currently only contributes about 15% to the global energy shares, and it will take about 10% more capacity to reach the 2050 goal. The transportation industry will need to take important steps toward energy efficiency and fuel switching in order to achieve the 20% emission reduction. Therefore, significant new commitments to efficient low-carbon alternatives will be necessary to make this enormous change. According to this paper, investing in energy efficiency and low-carbon alternative energy must rise by a factor of about five by 2050 in comparison to 2015 levels if the 1.5 °C target is to be realised.