Browsing by Author "Bankole, O. O."
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Item Open Access Affordability Assessment of Industrial Product-Service System in the Aerospace Defence Industry(Cranfield University Press, 2009-04-01) Bankole, O. O.; Roy, Rajkumar; Shehab, Essam; Wardle, P.; Rajkumar Roy; Essam ShehabThe Industrial Product-Service System (IPS2) takes a whole life cycle view in order to consider the total cost of the IPS2 offering. This paper focuses on the concept of customer affordability which aims to review current practice in industry and with interaction between customer and solution providers to identify factors affecting affordability. It secures a standard definition and proposes a measurement technique called the Affordability Index (AI) within the aerospace defence industry. A preliminary Affordability Capability Audit Tool is developed to give an indication of the confidence level about the AI. It identifies challenges in industry and outlines opportunities for further research scope.Item Open Access Development of an affordability assessment framework for defence contracts at the bidding stage(Cranfield University, 2011-07) Bankole, O. O.; Roy, Rajkumar; Shehab, EssamDefence contracting has changed from the traditional provision of spares and repairs to contracting long-term for availability and capability. In these long-term contracts, the customer decides to outsource services (that would have been provided in-house) to contractors by consenting to an arrangement whereby payment is made only for the period that the equipment is made available to satisfy the defence need. Availability contracts may last for 40 years and more, but the main defence customer (Ministry of Defence) is constantly faced with budget constraints. Therefore, it is vitally important to assess the financial viability of the customer to invest in the contractor‟s offering of availability, capability and other long-term contracts. The aim of the affordability research project is to develop an affordability assessment framework for the bidding stage of defence contracts. Thus, a close interaction with four industrial collaborators within the defence industry and the literature review revealed the need to investigate affordability from three perspectives namely, manufacturer profitability, supplier sustainability and customer affordability. In order to conduct the research, the methodology employed included the review of literature, industrial interviews, development of the affordability framework for the three perspectives, case study application and final validation. This resulted in the development of a uniquely original affordability assessment framework that consisted of four modules and an affordability management methodology. The modules provided measurement metrics for the three perspectives of affordability and guidelines for improving affordability from the perspectives. Information availability at the bidding stage was usually low which lead to uncertainty about the project; the fourth module was focused on determining the information capability of the project team. To assess the impact of uncertainty on affordability, a methodology which involved a logic (containing two aspects) was also developed and validated within this research. The framework developed was validated with three real-life case studies and the results obtained showed that the logic and content of the framework was appropriate. The benefit to industry is that the framework provides a platform for the manufacturer and customer to assess the affordability of defence project at the bidding stage and make decisions taking account of the impact of uncertainty.Item Open Access Product-Service Systems across Industry Sectors: Future Research Needs and Challenges(2010-04-15T00:00:00Z) Durugbo, Christopher; Bankole, O. O.; Erkoyuncu, John Ahmet; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Alcock, Jeffrey R.; Roy, Rajkumar; Shehab, EssamThis paper explores the current research in Product-Service Systems (PSS) across various industries suchas industrials, basic materials, utilities, and financials, based on the Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB).PSS elements are identified within each industry in terms of tangible and intangible elements of productsand services. Based on this identification, the differences in PSS delivery across industry sectors aredefined based on two sources namely (i) actors, relationships, and networks, and (ii) delivery packages.Founded on the differences identified, the paper explains future research needs and challenges with focuson the scope of PSS, intra- and inter- sector flows and interactions between actors involved in PSS deliveryand PSS design.